Effects of SO2 on the alkane activity of three-way catalysts

Ansell, G.P.; Golunski, Stanislaw E.; Hatcher, Helen A.; Rajaram, Raj R.

doi:10.1007/bf00764084

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ansell and coworkers investigated the effects of SO 2 aging on the three-way catalytic reactions over Pt-Rh/ CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3 in simulated exhaust containing CH 4 and C 3 H 8 [25]. They reported that CH 4 conversion under a lean condition of λ=1.02 slightly increased after SO 2 aging, while CH 4 conversion under a rich condition of λ=0.98 remarkably decreased after SO 2 aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt-Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 for Controlling Emissions from Natural Gas Engines: Three-Way Catalytic Activity at Low Temperatures and Effects of SO2 Aging

Ohtsuka

2014

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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The three-way catalytic activity of Pt-Rh/CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3 was examined at temperatures below 500°C under conditions simulating gas engine exhaust, and the results were compared with those of O 2 -CH 4 , NO-O 2 -CH 4 , and NO-CH 4 model reactions. The catalyst exhibited sufficient three-way catalytic activity, even at 400°C, in the absence of SO 2 . After SO 2 aging, the activity under stoichiometric conditions remarkably decreased. In addition, methane conversion under rich (reducing) conditions severely decreased after SO 2 aging due to the suppression of steam methane reforming by sulfur poisoning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt-Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 for Controlling Emissions from Natural Gas Engines: Three-Way Catalytic Activity at Low Temperatures and Effects of SO2 Aging

Ohtsuka

2014

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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“…The oxygen on the oxide surface in turn originates from dissociation of oxygen on the metal surface and spillover of oxygen to the oxide. The challenge with SO 2 is that it has strong interaction with the catalyst and the oxide, which causes slow desorption process that saturates the catalytic surface even at low concentrations [13]. The desorption process can be improved by operating the sensor at higher temperature.…”

Section: Static Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection of SO 2 is complicated by the fact that it is a catalyst poison [13]. At certain concentrations, the sensor surface becomes saturated and the quantification of SO 2 is not possible anymore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiC–FET based SO2 sensor for power plant emission applications

Darmastuti

Bur

Möller

et al. 2014

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Thermal power plants produce SO 2 during combustion of fuel containing sulfur. One way to decrease the SO 2 emission from power plants is to introduce a sensor as part of the control system of the desulphurization unit. In this study, SiC-FET sensors were studied as one alternative sensor to replace the expensive FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) instrument or the inconvenient wet chemical methods. The gas response for the SiC-FET sensors comes from the interaction between the test gas and the catalytic gate metal, which changes the electrical characteristics of the devices. The performance of the sensors depends on the ability of the test gas to be adsorbed, decomposed, and desorbed at the sensor surface. The feature of SO 2 , that it is difficult to desorb from the catalyst surface, makes it known as catalyst poison.It is difficult to quantify the SO 2 with static operation, even at the optimum operation temperature of the sensor due to low response levels and saturation already at low concentration of SO 2 . The challenge of SO 2 desorption can be reduced by introducing dynamic operation in a designed temperature cycle operation (TCO). The intermittent exposure to high temperature can help to desorb SO 2 . Simultaneously, additional features extracted from the sensor data can be used to reduce the influence of sensor drift. The TCO operation, together with pattern recognition, may also reduce the baseline and response variation due to changing concentration of background gases (4-10% O 2 and 0-70% RH), and thus it may improve the overall sensor performance. In addition to the laboratory experiment, testing in the desulphurization pilot unit was performed. Desulphurization pilot unit has less controlled environment compared to the laboratory conditions. Therefore, the risk of influence from the changing concentration of background gas is higher. In this study, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial Least Square (PLS) were employed as pattern recognition methods. It was demonstrated that using LDA quantification of SO 2 into several groups of concentrations up to 2000 ppm was possible. Additionally, PLS analysis indicated a good agreement between the predicted value from the model and the SO 2 concentration from the reference instrument of the pilot plant. 3 IntroductionSO 2 is one of the major air pollutants because it is a precursor of acid rain, forms acid particulates, and is dangerous for human health. However, in a thermal power plant, SO 2 is generally produced when sulfur containing fuel is combusted. In flue gas cleaning processes, SO 2 is usually removed by absorption with lime (CaOH 2 .2H 2 O) or other compounds having high alkalinity. State-of-the-art desulphurization can remove more than 98% of the SO 2 from the flue gas. With increasing environmental concerns, the regulation of SO 2 emission from thermal power plants has become stricter. The installation of sensors in the flue gas duct has been proposed as one of the alternatives to improve the efficiency of the desulphurization un...

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“…Laboratory studies demonstrated that increasing fuel sulfur raises the light-off temperature of the catalyst. This occurs because catalytically active sites are blocked by sulfur compounds (e.g., sulfide and sulfate ions) thus inhibiting both the direct oxidation and steam reforming of hydrocarbon species (31,32).…”

Section: Sulfur-containing Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs

Schuetzle¹,

Siegl²,

Jensen³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The purpose of this paper is to review current studies concerning the relationship of fuel composition to vehicle engine-out and tail-pipe emissions and to outline future research needed in this area. A number of recent combustion experiments and vehicle studies demonstrated that reformulated gasoline can reduce vehicle engine-out, tail-pipe, running-loss, and evaporative emissions. Some of these studies were extended to understand the fundamental relationships between fuel composition and emissions. To further establish these relationships, it was necessary to develop advanced analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons in fuels and vehicle emissions. The development of real-time techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser diode spectroscopy, and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry were useful in studying the transient behavior of exhaust emissions under various engine operating conditions. Laboratory studies using specific fuels and fuel blends were carried out using pulse flame combustors, single-and multicylinder engines, and vehicle fleets. Chemometric statistical methods were used to analyze the large volumes of emissions data generated from these studies. Models were developed that were able to accurately predict tail-pipe emissions from fuel chemical and physical compositional data. Some of the primary fuel precursors for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and C2-C4 alkene emissions are described. These studies demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between gasoline composition and tail-pipe emissions. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4): 3-12 (1994).

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Effects of SO2 on the alkane activity of three-way catalysts

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Pt-Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 for Controlling Emissions from Natural Gas Engines: Three-Way Catalytic Activity at Low Temperatures and Effects of SO2 Aging

Pt-Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 for Controlling Emissions from Natural Gas Engines: Three-Way Catalytic Activity at Low Temperatures and Effects of SO2 Aging

SiC–FET based SO2 sensor for power plant emission applications

The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs

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