Effects of Social Factors on a Desired Level of Thermal Protection of Outer Walls of Residential Buildings

Abstract

The requirements to a desired level of thermal protection of outer walls of buildings have been analysed. The relation between such requirements and social factors of a country was shown. Comparison data regarding heat releasing surface area of outer walls and windows and heat losses per person have been received for variable residential density of apartments. The authors have shown international practices and the needs for transition to construction of buildings with a higher level of thermal protection of outer walls. Since cold generation is 3-5 times as expensive as heat generation for many buildings, the transition was made from ventilation of the naturally driven type to controlled and mechanical one providing heat recovery of exhaust air. It was suggested that problem of energy-saving in the sector of construction and housing and communal services could be solved providing a desired life of outer walls and costs of current and major repairs required for projected lifetime of a building.

Soil-geobotanical assessment of the condition of land plots on the example of the forest fund of MSI “Sokolovskoye Forestry”

“…This forest-growing area belongs to the number of water-supplied with both underground and surface fresh water. For vegetation, the most valuable is groundwater in quaternary sediments at a depth of 0.5-3 m [12,13].…”

Comparison of heating loads in residential, public and industrial buildings

“…The energy efficiency and the energy saving problems include several ways to reduce the resource consumption in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems: architectural and construction solutions, the use of renewable energy sources, optimization of microclimate systems [3,4]. The influence of the social aspect on the heat consumption for heating of residential buildings is mentioned in the article [5], which specifies the importance of the apartment population density to provide a proper assessment of the required air flow rate for ventilation. The authors [6,7] believe that the most important component of the problem aimed at improving the energy efficiency of the buildings is the further perfection of regulatory and technical documents of heat engineering calculations in the modern housing construction.…”