Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Arsenate in Testicular Histomorphometry and Antioxidants Enzymes Activities in Rats

Souza, Ana Cláudia Ferreira; Marchesi, Sarah Cozzer; Lima, Graziela Domingues de Almeida; Ferraz, Rafael Penha; Santos, Felipe Couto; Matta, Sérgio Luís Pinto da; Machado‐Neves, Mariana

doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0523-0

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although it was not identified significant alterations in the maturation degree of testis among groups, histopathological analysis revealed important alterations in the testis of As1 and As2 animals, being the most prevalent the presence of vacuolization in seminiferous epithelium. These results partially corroborate a previous study with adult animals, which exhibited vacuoles at the base of the epithelium in some seminiferous tubules after treatment with 10 mg L −1 of arsenite sodium or sodium arsenate for 56 days . Vacuolization in seminiferous epithelium is the morphological response of Sertoli cells against various injuries, among them exposure to toxic agents .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehiclefiltered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO 2 at 0.01 mg L −1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO 2 at 10 mg L −1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO 2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO 2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity. K E Y W O R D Sexperimental study, histopathology, juvenile toxicity, metalloid 1 | INTRODUCTION Arsenic (As) is an element occurring naturally in the environment, chemically classified as metalloid. It can be found under organic and inorganic forms, being the inorganic the most toxic and prevalent in drinking water and aquatic environments. 1,2 The natural sources of As contamination in groundwater is often originated from the mobilization of natural deposits in rocks, sediments, soils, and geothermal water. 3 However, As contamination occurs mainly through a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as industry activity, copper smelting, As-bearing pesticides and herbicide and mining. 4 It is estimated that approximately 150 million people around the world are affected by increasing concentrations of As in drinking water. 5 In this concern, unintentional As exposure of populations from Bangladesh,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic exposure causes a reduction of sperm quality and erectile dysfunction in men, culminating in infertility (Nie et al ., ; Hsieh et al ., ). Experimental studies using laboratory rodents have reported a negative impact of arsenic (more than 5 mg/L) on testosterone levels (Sarkar et al ., ; Jana et al ., ), sperm quality (Reddy et al ., ; Guvvala et al ., ; Souza et al ., ), antioxidant enzymes activity in the testis (Souza et al ., ), and fertility indexes (Lima et al ., ). In the latter study, authors described that 10 μg/L of arsenic did not drastically impact male fertility in rats after 56 day exposure (Lima et al ., ), but there is no information about its impact when the exposure time is longer than that period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of arsenic exposure and diabetes on male reproductive functions

et al. 2019

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Background: It is known that exposure to either arsenic or hyperglycemia can induce male reproductive damages. However, their combined effects on male reproductive organs are still unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated morphological and functional parameters of the testis, epididymis, and spermatozoa in diabetic rats exposed to arsenate. Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. While a set of healthy and diabetic animals received saline solution (negative control and diabetes control, respectively), the other set received 10 mg/L sodium arsenate (arsenic control and diabetes + arsenic groups, respectively) for 40 days in drinking water. Testosterone concentration, daily sperm production, sperm counts in the testis and epididymis, and sperm parameters were evaluated in the groups. Moreover, testis and epididymis were subjected to antioxidant enzymes analysis, micromineral determination, and histopathological evaluation. Results: Arsenate exposure reduced serum testosterone concentration in healthy animals and worsened this reduction in diabetic rats. In addition, the number of spermatozoa in testis and epididymis tissues, as well as the daily sperm production, was decreased in these groups. Sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and integrity of acrosomal and plasma membranes were impaired in health animals exposed to arsenate. The combination of diabetes and arsenate, in turn, increased only the percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology. Moreover, the proportion of arsenic increased in the testis and epididymis of both groups receiving arsenate. Its bioaccumulation in these organs caused an imbalance in antioxidant enzymes activities and mineral content in healthy animals, enhancing these changes in diabetic rats. Testicular pathologies occurred mainly in animals co-exposed to diabetes and arsenate. Conclusion: Our results indicate that arsenate exposure enhances several damages to male reproductive functions in diabetic rats, mainly by impairing testosterone levels and inducing nitrosative stress in testis and epididymis.

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“…The experimental period adopted here corresponds to the embryonic period and all intrauterine fetal development of rats,and has been previously used in studies evaluating the effects of prenatal exposure to toxicants in reproductive tract development (Kozul-Horvath et al, 2012;Li et al, 2018). The concentration of arsenic used in this study was based on our previous studies analyzing the effects of arsenic on male reproduction Souza, Marchesi, Domingues de Almeida Lima, et al, 2016), and corresponds to the dose of 1.6 mg/L in humans, based on the normalization for body surface area proposed by Reagan-Shaw, Nihal and Ahmad (2008). This dose, in turn, is faced by humans in the main arsenic-affected areas in the world (Mukherjee et al, 2006).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans might be exposed to arsenic mainly through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water in which inorganic arsenic forms are predominant (Hughes, Beck, Chen, Lewis, & Thomas, 2011). Several studies showed toxic effects of arsenic on the male reproductive system of adult animals by inducing decreases in epididymal sperm counts, sperm motility, fertility parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of the testis and epididymis (Guvvala, Sellapan, & Parameswaraiah, 2016;Lima et al, 2018;Souza, Marchesi, Ferraz, Lima, de Oliveira, & Machado-Neves, 2016;Souza, Marchesi, Domingues de Almeida Lima, Ferraz, Santos, da Matta et al, 2016). Several studies showed toxic effects of arsenic on the male reproductive system of adult animals by inducing decreases in epididymal sperm counts, sperm motility, fertility parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of the testis and epididymis (Guvvala, Sellapan, & Parameswaraiah, 2016;Lima et al, 2018;Souza, Marchesi, Ferraz, Lima, de Oliveira, & Machado-Neves, 2016;Souza, Marchesi, Domingues de Almeida Lima, Ferraz, Santos, da Matta et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic has been linked with metabolic diseases, cancers, dysfunction of the endocrine system and reproductive disorders (Singh, Kumar, & Sahu, 2007). Several studies showed toxic effects of arsenic on the male reproductive system of adult animals by inducing decreases in epididymal sperm counts, sperm motility, fertility parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of the testis and epididymis (Guvvala, Sellapan, & Parameswaraiah, 2016;Lima et al, 2018;Souza, Marchesi, Ferraz, Lima, de Oliveira, & Machado-Neves, 2016;Souza, Marchesi, Domingues de Almeida Lima, Ferraz, Santos, da Matta et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive disorders in female rats after prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite

Souza

Ervilha

Coimbra

et al. 2019

J of Applied Toxicology

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Arsenic is a metalloid widely found in the environment in organic and inorganic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic forms via drinking water has been associated with an increased incidence of negative health effects, including reproductive disorders and dysfunction of the endocrine system. However, the impact of arsenic exposure on female reproductive development is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to arsenic on the initial sexual development and puberty onset, and in the morphology of the female reproductive organs, estrous cycle regularity and fertility parameters during adulthood. To do that, pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 10 mg/L sodium arsenite via drinking water from gestational day (GD) 1 until GD 21 and the female offspring was evaluated in different postnatal days. Our results showed that prenatal arsenic exposure induced a decrease of litter weight and morphological masculinization in females at postnatal day 1. Moreover, these females had a delay in the age of puberty onset and alteration in estrous cycle number and length. During adulthood, females from the sodium arsenite group showed an increase in endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium areas, and an imbalance in uterine antioxidant enzyme activity. These animals also presented an increase in post‐implantation loss and reabsorption number, leading to reduced viable fetus number. In conclusion, prenatal arsenic exposure in rats was able to promote female masculinization, alter sexual development and impair reproductive performance.

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Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Arsenate in Testicular Histomorphometry and Antioxidants Enzymes Activities in Rats

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Combined effects of arsenic exposure and diabetes on male reproductive functions

Reproductive disorders in female rats after prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite

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