Effects of sodium carbonate addition, heat and agitation on swelling and rheological behavior of Ca-bentonite colloidal dispersions

Magzoub, Musaab; Nasser, Mustafa S.; Hussein, Ibnelwaleed A.; Benamor, Abdelbaki; Onaizi, Sagheer A.; Sultan, Abdullah S.; Mahmoud, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.032

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Conducting zeta potential analyses provides evidence on the quality of suspension properties. In drilling fluids, high negative ZP values (more than −20 mV) represent high suspension stability [18,57]. Turbidity measurements also reflect the quantity of suspended particles at a given pH and concentration.…”

Section: Dispersion Stability and Suspension Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both contain aluminum silicates and various combinations of oxides, in addition to sodium, calcium and magnesium ions [16,17]. As shown in the general formula below [18], bentonite clays consist of aluminum silicates with the presence of other ions, such as Na + , Ca +2 , and Mg +2 , alongside other elements like iron oxide (FeO), manganese oxide (MnO), and magnesium oxide (MgO) [19]. Some compounds such as CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and MgO also exist in the steel-making by-products with little variations in mass ratios [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Steel-Making Dust in Drilling Fluids Formulations

et al. 2020

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Steelmaking is an energy-intensive process that generates considerable amounts of by-products and wastes, which often pose major environmental and economic challenges to the steel-making industry. One of these by-products is steel dust that is produced during the separation of impurities in the smelting and refining of metals in steel-making furnaces. In this study, electric arc furnace (EAF) dust has been evaluated as a potential, low-cost additive to increase the viscosity and weight of drilling muds. Currently, the cost of drilling operations typically accounts for 50 to 80% of the exploration costs and about 30 to 80% of the subsequent field development costs. Utilization of steelmaking waste in drilling fluids formulations is aimed to produce new and optimized water-based drilling formulations, which is expected to reduce the amount of bentonite and other viscosifier additives used in the drilling formulations. The results showed that in a typical water-based drilling fluid of 8.6 ppg (1030.51 kg/m3), the amount of standard drilling grade bentonite could be reduced by 30 wt.% with the addition of the proposed new additive to complete the required mud weight. The mixture proved to be stable with no phase separation.

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Section: Dispersion Stability and Suspension Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Steel-Making Dust in Drilling Fluids Formulations

et al. 2020

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“…The local bentonite clay used for this research was collected from Ropp, Plateau State, Nigeria. The raw clay sample was dried in the oven at a temperature of 70 °C for 12 h. The dried clay sample was crushed using a jaw crusher and sieved with 200 API mesh size to obtain fine particles of the clay (API 2010 ; Magzoub et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological impact and economic implications of partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations in Nigeria

Ogolo

Arinkoola

Osisanya

et al. 2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In less than a decade, there have been two global meltdowns of crude oil price and the latest was caused by the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020. This is expected to have a negative impact on the global economy, especially on those countries that depend more on the revenue from sales of crude oil. One of the measures that can be taken to survive this kind of situation in the future is to reduce the unit technical cost for producing a barrel of oil by using locally available materials. This research investigated a local clay sourced from Ropp in Plateau State, Nigeria, by considering its rheological characteristics and economic implications of using it for partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations. The local clay was termed as Ropp bentonite clay (RBC). Various spud mud samples were prepared by dispersing a mixture of imported bentonite clay (IBC) and RBC (0–100%) in 350 ml of water. Certain quantity (0–1 g) of polyacrylamide cellulose was added to the mud samples before rheological and physical properties were determined using the standard API procedure. An economic model was built to determine the cost implications of using any of the mud formulations at different consumption rates. The results show that IBC–RBC blend in the right proportion could save Nigeria 12 to 36% of the cost of bentonite clay used to drill wells in the country.

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“…In addition to the ability of Na + contained in bentonite to adsorb water, it also increases viscosity and forms thixotropic suspensions with a good gel strength. Unlike Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite has low swelling capacity and forms unstable suspensions with high settling rates [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and Enhancement of the Performance of Iraqi Ca-Bentonite for Using as Drilling Fluid in Iraqi Oil Fields

Ibrahim

Al-Bidry

2020

eijs

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In this study, Iraqi bentonite taken from Trefawi area/ Al-Anbar region province/ Iraq, was activated to enhance its rheological and filtration properties and increase its quality by decreasing the non-clay minerals (impurities), in order to be used in Iraqi oil companies instead of commercial bentonite. Bentonite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle size distribution (PSD) before and after activation to show the effects on its mineral and chemical properties. The rheological properties of bentonite were enhanced by using different weights (0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 gm) of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), whereas the filtration properties were enhanced by using different weights (0.5, 1, 1.5 gm) of high viscous-carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC-HV) and different weights (0.5, 1, 2 gm) of low viscous-carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC-LV). The results showed that the rheological properties of Iraqi bentonite were enhanced and met the specifications of the American Petroleum Institute (API) when 0.7 gm of Na₂CO₃ was added. The filtration properties were also enhanced and satisfied API specification when 0.5 gm of CMC-HV and 2 gm of CMC-LV were added. Therefore, Iraqi bentonite has the potential to be used as drilling fluid in oil fields.

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Effects of sodium carbonate addition, heat and agitation on swelling and rheological behavior of Ca-bentonite colloidal dispersions

Cited by 49 publications

References 60 publications

Utilization of Steel-Making Dust in Drilling Fluids Formulations

Utilization of Steel-Making Dust in Drilling Fluids Formulations

Rheological impact and economic implications of partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations in Nigeria

Activation and Enhancement of the Performance of Iraqi Ca-Bentonite for Using as Drilling Fluid in Iraqi Oil Fields

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