Effects of soiling on PV module and radiometer performance

Hammond, Robert; Srinivasan, Devarajan; Harris, Arno; Whitfield, Kent; Wohlgemuth, J.

doi:10.1109/pvsc.1997.654285

Cited by 69 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In general, the standard industry assumption of soiling losses ranges from 1 -4 % on an annual basis (Detrick et al, 2005). In areas of frequent rainfall, it was demonstrated that the rain could clean the PV modules to an extent of restoring the performance to within 1 % of full power (Hammond et al, 1997). Accordingly, in a more recent soiling analysis performed in Crete, with climatic conditions almost identical to Cyprus, the annual soiling loss was 5.86 %, with the winter losses being 4 -5 % and 6 -7 % in the summer (Kymakis et al, 2009).…”

Section: Soiling Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Photovoltaics Under Actual Operating Conditions

Makrides¹,

Zinßer²,

Norton³

et al. 2012

Third Generation Photovoltaics

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Section: Soiling Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Photovoltaics Under Actual Operating Conditions

Makrides¹,

Zinßer²,

Norton³

et al. 2012

Third Generation Photovoltaics

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“…Several studies have been performed in order to quantify soiling loss in photovoltaic (PV) and thermal solar concentrator systems (Becker et al, 1996;Haeberlin and Graf, 1998;Hottel and Woertz, 1942;Biryukov et al, 1999;Garg, 1974;Deffenbaugh et al, 1986;Hammond et al, 1997;Hegazy, 2001;Elminir et al, 2006;Stone et al, 2004). Numerous factors are involved in soiling, including location, climate and collector orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soiling in CPV systems

et al. 2010

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The effect of soiling in flat PV modules has been already studied, causing a reduction of the electrical output of 4% on average. For CPV's, as far as soiling produces light scattering at the optical collector surface, the scattered rays should be definitively lost because they cannot be focused onto the receivers again. While the theoretical study becomes difficult because soiling is variable at different sites, it becomes easier to begin the monitoring of the real field performance of concentrators and then raise the following question: how much does the soiling affect to PV concentrators in comparison with flat panels?' The answers allow to predict the PV concentrator electrical performance and to establish a pattern of cleaning frequency. Some experiments have been conducted at the IES-UPM and CSES-ANU sites, consisting in linear reflective concentration systems, a point focus refractive concentrator and a flat module. All the systems have been measured when soiled and then after cleaning, achieving different increases of 7 S c-I n general, results show that CPV systems are more sensitive to soiling than flat panels, accumulating losses in 7 S c of about 14% on average in three different tests conducted at IES-UPM and CSES-ANU test sites in Madrid (Spain) and Canberra (Australia). Some concentrators can reach losses up to 26% when the system is soiled for 4 months of exposure.

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“…The solar radiation received on the surface of each of the PV generators is estimated using widely accepted solar radiation models [12][13][14]. The estimation of the energy production of the reference system is simulated with a tool developed at IES-UPM and based on widely accepted models, whose details have been described elsewhere [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The energy performance indicators that are used to assess the technical quality of a particular PV system are obtained by comparing its actual production along a certain period of time with the production of a hypothetical reference system (of the same nominal power, installed at the same location, and oriented the same way) somewhat free of certain kinds of losses.…”

Section: Pv Systems Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption is supported by previous works that describe the losses typically present at a PV system. The soiling losses typically account for 3% [21,22]. The average in verter has a yield 2% lower than the high quaíity in verter that equips the reference system [27], PV generator mismatch and wiring losses can typically be 2% higher than in the reference system [28].…”

Section: Taue3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Leloux

Narvarte

Trebosc³

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Residential PV system Energy production Performance Ratio Performance Index CIS HIT PI FranceThe main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in France. This is done analyzing the operational data of 6868 installations. Three main questions are posed. How much energy do they produce? What level of performance is associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? During the year 2010, the PV systems in France have produced a mean annual energy of 1163 kWh/kW p . As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 7% inferior to optimally oriented PV systems. The mean Performance Ratio is 76% and the mean Performance Index is 85%. That is to say, the energy produced by a typical PV system in France is 15% inferior to the energy produced by a very high quality PV system. On average, the real power of the PV modules falls 4.9% below its corresponding nominal power announced on the manufacturer's datasheet. A brief analysis by PV modules technology has led to relevant observations about two technologies in particular. On the one hand, the PV systems equipped with heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) modules show performances higher than average. On the other hand, the systems equipped with the copper indium (di)selenide (CIS) modules show a real power that is 16% lower than their nominal valué.

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Effects of soiling on PV module and radiometer performance

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of Photovoltaics Under Actual Operating Conditions

Performance of Photovoltaics Under Actual Operating Conditions

Effect of soiling in CPV systems

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

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