Effects of solid-solute magnesium and stannate ion on the electrochemical characteristics of a high-performance aluminum anode/electrolyte system

Na2SnO3 functions as outstanding magnesium alloy passivator by synergistic effect with trace carboxymethyl chitosan for Mg–air batteries for standby protection

“…7d). 33 The peak area ratio of Mg 1s (Mg 0 ) : Mg 1s (Mg 2+ ) are about 1 : 1.5 for blank NaCl, about 1 : 0.9 for blank NaCl with single Na 2 SnO 3 , and about 1 : 0.54 for blank NaCl with mixed inhibitors, respectively, which validated the reduction of the oxidation degree of the AZ61 substrate in the presence of CMCS. Full scanned XPS spectra revealed four clear signals in the Sn 3p1, Sn 3p3, Sn 3d, and Sn 4d spectra of the two corrosion products formed in blank NaCl solution containing the inhibitor, which is highlighted in yellow in Fig.…”

“…In the Sn 3d high-resolution spectra (Fig. 7d), two peaks at 486.0-487.0 eV and 487.0-488.0 eV arose from Sn 4+ , which are some valence-stable tin species in the corrosion products, 33 mostly attributed to SnO 3 2À and SnO 2 , which are close in the peak area to each other. 100 Also, there was almost no signal in the N 1s spectra of the corrosion products formed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution without and with single Na 2 SnO 3 , while there was a low-intensity signal in that of the corrosion products formed in the NaCl solution with the mixed inhibitors, as highlighted gray in Fig.…”

“…31,32 For instance, Gao et al reported that Al-2Mg alloy in 6 M NaOH solution showed a lower hydrogen evolution rate (0.015 mL m À2 in À1 at open circuit) and a more negative electrode potential (À1.81 V vs. SCE at 20 mA cm À2 ) when 0.05 M Na 2 SnO 3 was added, which was caused by the activation of the oxide film and the improvement in the overpotential of the cathodic sites. 33 However, it is unclear whether stannate as an electrolyte additive can obtain the same results for neutral Mg-anode batteries.…”

Investigation of commercial aluminum alloys as anode materials for alkaline aluminum–air batteries

“…Among the alloying elements, Mg has been reported to be benecial for the electrochemical properties of Al anodes. [47][48][49] As representative Mg-rich Al alloys, commercial 5052 and 6061 Al alloys (A5052, A6061) have wide applications in industries and display excellent corrosion resistance. They are expected to display high Al utilization.…”

Dynamic Locking of Interfacial Side Reaction Sites Promotes Aluminum‐Air Batteries Close to Theoretical Capacity

“…[33,[39][40][41] Generally, inorganic additives help achieve in situ deposition of metallic passivation layers (e.g., Zn, Sn) that increase the hydrogen evolution overpotential. [42][43][44] By contrast, organic inhibitors comprising electro-negative groups (O, S, N, and P) can adsorb and form a highly-ordered hydrophobic layer on the Al surface, thus greatly reducing the direct contact between Al and H 2 O molecules. [39] Unlike conventional electrodes, the reaction interface of Al anodes is dynamically altered during discharge.…”