Effects of soybean meal fermented by L. plantarum, B. subtilis and S. cerevisieae on growth, immune function and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study compared the effects of soybean meal fermented by three different probiotics organisms with non-fermented soybean meal on growth performance, serum parameters, immune chemistry and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets.MethodsOne hundred and forty-four 35-day old crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets were randomly allocated into four different dietary treatments (n = 36 per group) containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% fermented soybean meal.ResultsThe piglets fed fermented soybean meal showed an increase (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain and a reduction in feed consumption (p < 0.05).The piglets fed 10 and 15% fermented soybean meal showed the greatest growth improvement with higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and total serum proteins. Serum urea nitrogen in the experimental group was significantly lower than control whereas serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were all significantly higher. Moreover, villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the crypt depth was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The levels of the autophagy factor LC3B in piglets showed a downward trend in the jejunum and ileum compared to control.ConclusionsFermented soybean meal could significantly improve the growth, immune function and intestinal health in weaned piglets, and the best effective benefits showed in 10% FSBM group.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-017-0809-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effects of Increasing Doses of Lactobacillus Pre-Fermented Rapeseed Product with or without Inclusion of Macroalgae Product on Weaner Piglet Performance and Intestinal Development

“…Similar findings were reported when fermented rapeseed was fed to broilers where intestinal villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio showed significant improvements [13,37,38]. Feeding of fermented soybean to weaned piglets [39] and Japanese quail [40] also demonstrated significant improvement in villus height but reduced crypt depth along the intestine. However, some studies showed that feeding of lactobacilli fermented liquid feed (feed to water ratio of 1:3) significantly reduced JVH in weaned piglets [41].…”

“…Conversely, levels of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and IL-6 were increased in response to lower doses (8% or 10% FRM), while the inclusion of AN enhanced IgG but reduced the rests. A study showed that feeding of fermented products, such as the soybean meal, to weaned piglets significantly improved mucosal or systemic immunoglobulins [38,39,54,55]. The discrepancy between increased immunoglobulins and WBC counts could be related to the preferential activation of the adaptive immune responses, which culminate in the increment of immunoglobulins.…”

Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Rapeseed with or without Macroalgae on Performance and Health of Piglets Following Omission of Medicinal Zinc from Weaner Diets

“…Fermented feeds based on protein sources (primarily soybean products) have, in previous studies, been reported to improve performance and gut health in weaned piglets [28][29][30] and poultry [8,17,31]. Certain brown macroalgae species have also been reported to have gut-health-promoting effects [32], but a low digestibility [33,34], which may limit their inclusion in diets for very young animals.…”

Peptides derived from fermented soybean meal suppresses intestinal inflammation and enhances epithelial barrier function in piglets

“…According to Zhu et al (2017), among the four different dietary treatments (each containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% FSBM, respectively), 10% FSBM diet was proved to be most effective in improving immunity and intestinal health in piglets. Roh et al (2015) also proved that 10% FSBM diet can modulate the expression of genes related to inflammatory responses in pigs.…”