Effects of Spinal Cord Injury in Heart Rate Variability After Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review

Bueno-Buker, Daniel; Oyarce, Cristóbal Castillo; Plaza, Raúl Smith

doi:10.1310/sci17-00028

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, after WCTC16 exercise, the LF/HF ratio, LFPnu, and peak of HF decreased, and HFPnu increased, all of which were statistically significant. These results were consistent with the results of Buker [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of 16‐Form Wheelchair Tai Chi on the Autonomic Nervous System among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Xie

Shang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. This study aims to investigate the effects of 16-form Wheelchair Tai Chi (WCTC16) on the autonomic nervous system among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. Twenty patients with chronic complete thoracic SCI were recruited. Equivital life monitoring system was used to record and analyze heart rate variability (HRV) of patients for five minutes before and after five consecutive sets of WCTC16, respectively. The analysis of HRV in the time domain included RR intervals, the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), and the root mean square of the differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD). The analysis of HRV in the frequency domain included total power (TP), which could be divided into very-low-frequency area (VLFP), low-frequency area (LFP), and high-frequency area (HFP). The LF/HF ratio as well as the normalized units of LFP (LFPnu) and HFP (HFPnu) reflected the sympathovagal balance. Results. There was no significant difference in RR interval, SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HEP, VLFP, and LFP of SCI patients before and after WCTC16 exercise ( P > 0.05 ). LFPnu and HF peak decreased, while HFPnu and LF/HF increased in SCI patients after WCTC16 exercise. The differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. WCTC16 can enhance vagal activity and decrease sympathetic activity so that patients with chronic complete thoracic SCI can achieve the balanced sympathovagal tone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of 16‐Form Wheelchair Tai Chi on the Autonomic Nervous System among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Xie

Shang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…A growing number of studies have shown that regular physical exercise has a positive impact on the quality of life of people with SCI [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Over the last decades, physical exercise has been associated with muscle functional electrical stimulation (FES) resulting as an effective rehabilitation approach [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling of Different Duration on Viscoelastic and Electromyographic Properties of the Knee in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

et al. 2020

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The benefits of functional electrical stimulation during cycling (FES-cycling) have been ascertained following spinal cord injury. The instrumented pendulum test was applied to chronic paraplegic patients to investigate the effects of FES-cycling of different duration (20-min vs. 40-min) on biomechanical and electromyographic characterization of knee mobility. Seven adults with post-traumatic paraplegia attended two FES-cycling sessions, a 20-min and a 40-min one, in a random order. Knee angular excursion, stiffness and viscosity were measured using the pendulum test before and after each session. Surface electromyographic activity was recorded from the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. FES-cycling led to reduced excursion (p < 0.001) and increased stiffness (p = 0.005) of the knee, which was more evident after the 20-min than 40-min session. Noteworthy, biomechanical changes were associated with an increase of muscle activity and changes in latency of muscle activity only for 20-min, with anticipated response times for RF (p < 0.001) and delayed responses for BF (p = 0.033). These results indicate that significant functional changes in knee mobility can be achieved by FES-cycling for 20 min, as evaluated by the pendulum test in patients with chronic paraplegia. The observed muscle behaviour suggests modulatory effects of exercise on spinal network aimed to partially restore automatic neuronal processes.

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“…HRV is impaired in individuals with CP, with a sympathetic predominance, which leads to less adaptation to physical demands ( 78 ). It characterises a cardiovascular neural profile that can lead to negative clinical results ( 87 ), such as increased cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality ( 88 ), in addition to the risk of sudden death ( 86 , 89 ), and there is evidence that maintained exercise is a feasible option to decrease cardiovascular risk in persons with sympathetic compromise ( 90 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Combined Therapy of Virtual Reality and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Study Protocol for a Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

et al. 2020

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Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and therapy-based virtual reality (VR) have been investigated separately. They have shown promise as efficient and engaging new tools in the neurological rehabilitation of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the recent literature encourages investigation of the combination of therapy tools in order to potentiate clinic effects and its mechanisms. Methods: A triple-blinded randomised sham-controlled crossover trial will be performed. Thirty-six individuals with gross motor function of levels I to IV (aged 4–14 years old) will be recruited. Individuals will be randomly assigned to Group A (active first) or S (sham first): Group A will start with ten sessions of active tDSC combined with VR tasks. After a 1-month washout, this group will be reallocated to another ten sessions with sham tDCS combined with VR tasks. In contrast, Group S will carry out the opposite protocol, starting with sham tDCS. For the active tDCS the protocol will use low frequency tDCS [intensity of 1 milliampere (mA)] over the primary cortex (M1) area on the dominant side of the brain. Clinical evaluations (reaction times and coincident timing through VR, functional scales: Abilhand-Kids, ACTIVLIM-CP, Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-PEDI- and heart rate variability-HRV) will be performed at baseline, during, and after active and sham tDCS. Conclusion: tDCS has produced positive results in treating individuals with CP; thus, its combination with new technologies shows promise as a potential mechanism for improving neurological functioning. The results of this study may provide new insights into motor rehabilitation, thereby contributing to the better use of combined tDCS and VR in people with CP. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04044677. Registered on 05 August 2019.

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Effects of Spinal Cord Injury in Heart Rate Variability After Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of 16‐Form Wheelchair Tai Chi on the Autonomic Nervous System among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Effects of 16‐Form Wheelchair Tai Chi on the Autonomic Nervous System among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling of Different Duration on Viscoelastic and Electromyographic Properties of the Knee in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Effect of Combined Therapy of Virtual Reality and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Study Protocol for a Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

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