Effects of stannous ions on the electrochemical performance of the alkaline zinc electrode

Abstract

The effect of stannous ions as an electrolyte additive on the electrodeposition characteristics of Zn was investigated by chronoamperometry, the potential-step method and cyclic voltammetry. The chronoamperometry measurements showed that the addition of stannous ions inhibited the dendritic growth of Zn deposits. SEM observation also revealed that the Zn deposit was in the form of compact cylinders with rounded tops that consist of many small crystallites, rather than the classical dendrites with side branches. The inhibition effect of Sn 2+ on the very initial electrocrystallization of Zn was not a substrate effect. The 0.17 V difference in reduction potential between Zn and Sn resulted in the codeposition of Sn and Zn. An interruption effect was proposed to illuminate the inhibition effect of Sn 2+ on the formation of Zn dendrites. Furthermore, Sn 2+ additive was found to suppress the corrosion reaction of Zn by 87% in the Sn 2+ -containing zincate electrolyte, comparing to that in the blank zincate electrolyte.

Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline Fe–Ni–Cr alloy electrodeposits on Fe substrate

“…Extensive demand from a wide spectrum of industrial applications has been the major driving force for research on corrosion resistant materials, leading to the development of chromium-based corrosion resistant alloys such as Cr-Ni, Cr-Fe and Cr-W-Ni [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, few studies on electrodepositing Fe-Ni-Cr alloy on Fe substrate have been reported.…”

Performance of Thixotropic Gel Electrolytes in the Rechargeable Aqueous Zn/LiMn2O4 Battery

“…The use of chronoamperometry as a tool to evaluate dendrite formation on the zinc surface has been studied widely. − Smaller deposition currents when a polished zinc foil are in contact with the gel electrolyte, suggesting that the growth of dendrite on the zinc surface is suppressed. Previous studies suggested that highly uniform zinc deposition is expected at low current density. − Furthermore, it has been shown that high mechanical modulus of electrolyte can suppress the dendrites growing on metal electrodes . On the other hand, immobilization of anions leads to a larger transference number of cations that are shown to suppress dendrite growth .…”

Inhibition of Zinc Dendrites in Zinc-Based Flow Batteries

“…Polymers include polyethyleneimine (Banik and Akolkar, 2015 ; Hashemi et al, 2017 ), Triton X-100 (Kan et al, 1998 ), polyvinyl alcohol (Ortiz-Aparicio et al, 2013 ), polyethylene glycol (Lee et al, 2006a ; Ballesteros et al, 2007 ; Banik and Akolkar, 2013 ), polyacrylamide (Zhang et al, 2019b ), Tween 20 (Chladil et al, 2019 ), and Pluronic F-127 (Hosseini et al, 2018 ). Metal ions comprise Pb 2+ (Justinijanović et al, 1973 ; Wen et al, 2012 ), Sn 2+ (Yuan et al, 2007 ; Kim and Shin, 2015 ; Yao et al, 2019 ), Bi 3+ (Wang et al, 2001 ), In 3+ (Leung et al, 2011 ), and La 3+ (Yang et al, 2004 ).…”