Effects of static magnetic fields on diffusion in solutions

Kinouchi, Yohsuke; Tanimoto, S.; Ushita, Tomiyuki; Sato, Kei; Yamaguchi, Hisao; Miyamoto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1002/bem.2250090207

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, the results presented in39 show that in solution, the Lorentz force can suppress the diffusion of univalent ions (e.g., Na + , K + , and Cl − ), but the threshold magnetic field is extremely high, approximately 5.7 · 10 6 T (which is 2–4 orders of magnitude less than the magnetic field at a magnetar). On the other hand, the theoretically predicted threshold of gradient fields for producing a change in ion diffusion through the magnetic gradient stress is more than 10 5 T 2 m −1 for paramagnetic molecules FeCl 3 and 0 2 and plasma proteins39. Thus, in low and moderate magnetic fields, the biological effects should be rather dependent on the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient and not on the strength of the magnetic field, as was recently demonstrated in experiments with THP-1 cells32.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

How a High-Gradient Magnetic Field Could Affect Cell Life

Zablotskii

Polyakova

Lunov

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

171

123

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The biological effects of high-gradient magnetic fields (HGMFs) have steadily gained the increased attention of researchers from different disciplines, such as cell biology, cell therapy, targeted stem cell delivery and nanomedicine. We present a theoretical framework towards a fundamental understanding of the effects of HGMFs on intracellular processes, highlighting new directions for the study of living cell machinery: changing the probability of ion-channel on/off switching events by membrane magneto-mechanical stress, suppression of cell growth by magnetic pressure, magnetically induced cell division and cell reprograming, and forced migration of membrane receptor proteins. By deriving a generalized form for the Nernst equation, we find that a relatively small magnetic field (approximately 1 T) with a large gradient (up to 1 GT/m) can significantly change the membrane potential of the cell and thus have a significant impact on not only the properties and biological functionality of cells but also cell fate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

How a High-Gradient Magnetic Field Could Affect Cell Life

Zablotskii

Polyakova

Lunov

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

171

123

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“…For long time [Kinouchi et al, 1988;Chiabrera et al, 1992] it has been debated whether the energy associated with weak electromagnetic fields is enough to supply the energy requested by the changes that have been ascribed to the fields. The results illustrated in this study have shown that the EM-ELF field are acting at the interface between the liquid SBF and the air, and the experimental measurements of the SBF surface tensions will allow investigation of whether or not the energy balance is obeyed.…”

Section: Spontaneous Processes Under Em-elf Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM‐ELF) on the vaporization step of carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions of body simulated fluid (SBF)

Beruto

Botter

Perfumo

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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Spontaneous processes in an aqueous solution of body simulated fluid (SBF) were monitored in closed vessel for a period of 1 month at 310 K, at atm pressure, and initial pH of 7.2, both with and without exposure to a square pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM-ELF) of 250 microT, repeated at 75 Hz. The most important findings are that the SBF surface tension (gamma), evaluated under the EM-ELF field, is lower than the corresponding value measured without EM-ELF at any time. Furthermore, the pH of the exposed SBF is always more basic than that of the unexposed solution. As a consequence, when the EM-ELF is applied, calcium phosphate salts do not precipitate from the SBF solution for a period as long as 30 days. Behind all these experimental evidences there is only one mechanism: the vaporisation from the SBF-air interface of the CO(2)(aq) dissolved into the aqueous electrolyte solution. Thermodynamic analysis of these results establish that, at any given time, the difference, Delta, between the measured surface tensions with and without EM-ELF applied, gives the work of the electromagnetic forces to change the extent at which the CO(2)(aq) adsorbs at the liquid-air interface. It has been demonstrated that the work supply per second and per unit of area by the electromagnetic forces, 3.73 x 10(-10) mJ/s cm(2), is very near to the experimental slope in the plot Delta vs. t 1.7 x 10(-10) mJ/s cm(2). This leads to the conclusion that the EM-ELF fields have an interfacial effect on the concentration value of the CO(2) (aq) at the SBF-air interface. Because of that, the EM-ELF field is enhancing the CO(2) vaporisation rate; thus any other steps, which are a consequence of this mechanism, are changing. These results allow explanation of previous experiments concerning the precipitation of calcium carbonate from flowing hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution in the temperature range 353-373 K at a pressure of 0.1 MPa under the effect of static magnetic fields.

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“…[10] Thus, the presence of an HGMF alters the ion flux balance across the cell membrane, thereby changing the membrane potential. However, the results presented in previous work [55] show that in solution, the Lorentz force can suppress the diffusion of univalent ions (e.g., Na þ , K þ , and Cl À ), but the threshold magnetic field is extremely high, approximately 5.7 Á 10 6 T (which is 2-4 orders of magnitude less than the magnetic field at a magnetar). [10] Static homogeneous magnetic fields can also affect the diffusion of biological particles through the Lorentz force and hypothetically change the membrane potential.…”

Section: Membrane Potentialmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…By deriving a generalized form for the Nernst equation, it was shown that an externally applied magnetic field with a spatial gradient value on the order of 10 8 -10 9 Tm À1 can directly change the cell membrane potential by 10 mV due to magnetic gradient forces regulating the entry of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions and biologically relevant molecules. [55] However, the results presented in previous work [55] show that in solution, the Lorentz force can suppress the diffusion of univalent ions (e.g., Na þ , K þ , and Cl À ), but the threshold magnetic field is extremely high, approximately 5.7 Á 10 6 T (which is 2-4 orders of magnitude less than the magnetic field at a magnetar).…”

Section: Membrane Potentialmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Cells in the Non‐Uniform Magnetic World: How Cells Respond to High‐Gradient Magnetic Fields

2018

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Imagine cells that live in a high-gradient magnetic field (HGMF). Through what mechanisms do the cells sense a non-uniform magnetic field and how such a field changes the cell fate? We show that magnetic forces generated by HGMFs can be comparable to intracellular forces and therefore may be capable of altering the functionality of an individual cell and tissues in unprecedented ways. We identify the cellular effectors of such fields and propose novel routes in cell biology predicting new biological effects such as magnetic control of cell-to-cell communication and vesicle transport, magnetic control of intracellular ROS levels, magnetically induced differentiation of stem cells, magnetically assisted cell division, or prevention of cells from dividing. On the basis of experimental facts and theoretical modeling we reveal timescales of cellular responses to high-gradient magnetic fields and suggest an explicit dependence of the cell response time on the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient.

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Effects of static magnetic fields on diffusion in solutions

Cited by 39 publications

References 1 publication

How a High-Gradient Magnetic Field Could Affect Cell Life

How a High-Gradient Magnetic Field Could Affect Cell Life

Interfacial effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM‐ELF) on the vaporization step of carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions of body simulated fluid (SBF)

Cells in the Non‐Uniform Magnetic World: How Cells Respond to High‐Gradient Magnetic Fields

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