Effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on oxygen availability from the blood: a study on pregnant women.

Davies, J.; Latto, I. P.; Jones, J.G.; Veale, A. M. O.; Wardrop, C. A. J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6186.355

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the hypoxic effect of cigarette smoke is more prolonged, because of the high affinity between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin, and lasts for up to 48 hours. 19 These reversible vascular effects of cigarette smoking appear to be more important in the development of flap necrosis than the chronic, irreversible atherosclerotic changes. 8 Inhaled cigarette smoke is only one of many factors that can impair wound healing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Increases Facial Skin Flap Complications

Kinsella¹,

Rassekh

Hokanson

et al. 1999

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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This study was undertaken to determine whether smokers have a higher risk of complications after reconstruction of facial skin defects. Ninety-one patients with facial skin defects reconstructed with local flaps were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-eight (42%) were active smokers, 12 (13%) had not smoked for at least 1 year prior to surgery, and the rest were nonsmokers. Complications occurred in 23 patients (25%; 37% in smokers, 17% in ex-smokers, and 17% in nonsmokers; p < .03). All full-thickness skin losses and all cellulitis occurred in active smokers. We conclude that active smokers are at a higher risk for complications in facial skin flap surgery. That ex-smokers had a complication rate similar to that of nonsmokers suggests that part of smoking's adverse effect on skin flaps may be an acute phenomenon, and that smoking cessation for shorter (<1 year) periods of time before surgery may have a beneficial effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Increases Facial Skin Flap Complications

Kinsella¹,

Rassekh

Hokanson

et al. 1999

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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“…The explanation of the strange negative association between smoking and venous thrombosis (22,23) may be that smokers have a relatively higher PCV than nonsmokers (24,25), presumably in order to transport their extra carbon monoxide. However, this would render them hypocoagulable compared with non-smokers, and might protect them from thrombosis during operation.…”

Section: Fq 2 Correlation Between Changes In Ict and Pcv During Opementioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative deep vein thrombosis caused by intravenous fluids during surgery

Janvrin

Davies

Greenhalgh

1980

Journal of British Surgery

106

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Using a new method of measuring whole blood clotting time, we have confirmed the findings of others, that blood clots faster when diluted with saline. A prospective trial was designed to test the hypothesis that intravenous saline peroperatively causes hypercoagulation and increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Sixty patients admitted for routine laparotomy were randomly allocated to either a group receiving intravenous fluids during or after operation (Wet), or a group receiving no intravenous fluids (Dry). The Wet patients became significantly more haemodilute and hypercoagulable than the Dry (P < 0.001), and these changes correlated. A postoperative deep vein thrombosis occurred in 30 per cent of the Wet patients, but in only 7 per cent of the Dry (P < 0.05). The need for intravenous fluids during uncomplicated surgery is probably unproved, and their greater use may have contributed to the increasing prevalence of venous thromboembolism.

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“…Maternal Hb CO levels are 4–5% in pregnant mothers who smoke regularly (Cole et al, 1972; Davies et al, 1979) and [Hb CO ] is linearly related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day (Cole et al, 1972). It is not possible, however to estimate fetal [Hb CO ] on the basis of a single maternal blood sample without knowledge of exposure pattern.…”

Section: Evaluating the Risk Of Co And No Inhalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO and NO pulmonary diffusing capacity during pregnancy: Safety and diagnostic potential

Zavorsky

Blood

Power

et al. 2010

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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This paper reviews the scientific evidence for the safety of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) inhalation to measure pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO and DLNO) in pregnant women and their fetuses. In eight earlier studies, 650 pregnant women had DLCO measurements performed at various times during pregnancy, with a minimum of two to four tests per session. Both pregnant subjects that were healthy and those with medical complications were tested. No study reported adverse maternal, fetal, or neonatal outcomes from the CO inhalation in association with measuring DLCO. Eleven pregnant women, chiefly with pulmonary hypertension, and 1105 pre-term neonates, mostly with respiratory failure, were administered various dosages of NO (5–80 ppm for 4 weeks continuously in pregnant women, and 1–20 ppm for 15 min to 3 weeks for the neonates). NO treatment was found to be an effective therapy for pregnant women with pulmonary hypertension. In neonates with respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension, NO therapy improved oxygenation and survival and has been associated with only minor, transient adverse effects. In conclusion, maternal carboxyhemoglobin ([HbCO]) levels can safely increase to 5% per testing session when the dose-exposure limit is 0.3% CO inhalation for ≤3 min, and for NO, 80 ppm for ≤ 3 min. The risk of late fetal or neonatal death from increased HbCO from diffusion testing is considerably less than the risk of death from all causes reported by the Centers for Disease Control, and is therefore considered “minimal risk”.

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Effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on oxygen availability from the blood: a study on pregnant women.

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Smoking Increases Facial Skin Flap Complications

Smoking Increases Facial Skin Flap Complications

Postoperative deep vein thrombosis caused by intravenous fluids during surgery

CO and NO pulmonary diffusing capacity during pregnancy: Safety and diagnostic potential

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