Effects of straight alkyl chain, extra hydroxylated alkyl chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric emptying evaluated using a non-invasive breath test in conscious rats

Uchida, Masayuki; Kobayashi, Orie; Iwasawa, Kaori; Shimizu, Kimiko

doi:10.1540/jsmr.52.36

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…6 These findings suggest that the above-mentioned amino acids inhibit gastric emptying. We observed that amino acids with an alkyl chain, hydroxyl group, and branched chain differently inhibited and/or delayed gastric emptying as shown by a breath test, 7 and that L-glycine and L-serine significantly enhanced gastric adaptive relaxation in a barostat study. 8 Based on those findings, we speculated that there is a close correlation between gastric emptying and gastric adaptive relaxation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Correlation Between Gastric Emptying and Gastric Adaptive Relaxation Influenced by Amino Acids

Uchida¹,

Kobayashi²,

Saito³

2017

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsAmino acids have many physiological activities. We report the correlation between gastric emptying and gastric adaptive relaxation using tryptophan and amino acids with a straight alkyl chain, hydroxylated chain, and branched chain. Here we sought to further clarify the correlation between gastric emptying and gastric adaptive relaxation by using other amino acids. MethodsIn Sprague-Dawley rats, gastric emptying was evaluated by a breath test using [1-13 C] acetic acid. The expired 13 CO 2 pattern, T max , C max , and AUC 120min values were used as evaluation items. Gastric adaptive relaxation was evaluated in a barostat experiment. Individual amino acids (1 g/kg) were administered orally 30 minutes before each breath test or barostat test. ResultsL-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine did not influence gastric emptying. All other amino acids, ie, L-proline, L-histidine, L-cysteine, L-methionine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, L-arginine, L-glutamine, and L-lysine significantly delayed and inhibited gastric emptying. L-Cysteine and L-aspartic acid significantly enhanced and L-methionine and L-glutamine significantly inhibited gastric adaptive relaxation. L-Phenylalanine moved the balloon toward the antrum, suggesting strong contraction of the fundus. T max showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.709), and C max and AUC 120min each showed negative correlations (r = 0.613 and 0.667, respectively) with gastric adaptive relaxation. ConclusionFrom the above findings, it was found that a close correlation exists between gastric emptying and adaptive relaxation, suggesting that enhanced gastric adaptive relaxation inhibits gastric emptying. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:400-408)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Correlation Between Gastric Emptying and Gastric Adaptive Relaxation Influenced by Amino Acids

Uchida¹,

Kobayashi²,

Saito³

2017

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…The Tmax and Cmax values were significantly delayed and decreased, respectively, as compared with control, but the AUC 120 min value was not. In addition, glycine also significantly delayed and inhibited gastric emptying, with a significant decrease in the Cmax and AUC 120 min as well as a significant delay in the Tmax as compared with the control ( 4 ). Then, we analyzed the correlation between gastric adaptive relaxation and gastric emptying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The dosage of amino acids (1 g/kg) was identical to that in our earlier study ( 4 ) to allow a comparison between the gastric adaptive relaxation and gastric emptying studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also observed a significant delay in gastric emptying with treatment with l -tryptophan using the 13 C-breath test ( 3 ). In the previous paper, we reported that amino acids having either an alkyl chain with a hydroxyl group, or a branched chain, differently inhibited and/or delayed gastric emptying, by analyzing the change of expired 13 CO 2 air and the Cmax, Tmax and AUC 120 min values as evaluated by the noninvasive breath test using [1- 13 C]acetic acid in conscious rats ( 4 ). However, the effects of these amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation have not been clarified in relation to the structure of different amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation) in rats as evaluated with a barostat

Uchida¹,

Iwamoto²

2016

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of selected straight alkyl chain, hydroxylated chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation, as these have previously been shown to have differing effects on gastric emptying. Materials and Methods: Gastric adaptive relaxation was evaluated using a barostat in rats under urethane anesthesia. The pressure within the balloon, introduced from the mouth to the stomach, was changed stepwise from 1 to 8 mmHg. The increased volume just after the increase of balloon pressure was defined as distension-induced gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation). Amino acids were administered orally or intravenously. Results: As compared with control rats administered with distilled water, those rats that were orally administered amino acids having straight alkyl chain and extra hydroxylated alkyl chain, such as glycine and l-serine, had significantly enhanced gastric adaptive relaxation, but administration of l-alanine and l-threonine did not. Branched chain amino acids, such as l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine, also did not significantly influence gastric adaptive relaxation. Glycine and l-serine showed the same efficacy when administered intravenously. Conclusion: Among the amino acids evaluated in the present study, glycine and l-serine significantly enhanced gastric adaptive relaxation, suggesting that short alkyl chain amino acids may enhance gastric adaptive relaxation as compared with the other amino acids. These findings may suggest that glycine and l-serine would be useful in the therapy of functional dyspepsia, especially for early satiety, because the dysfunction of adaptive relaxation is one of the causes of early satiety.

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“…However, in rodent studies, the effect of isoleucine administration on gastric emptying is less clear. For example, in rats, oral administration of isoleucine reduced the 13 CO 2 content in the breath following a gastric emptying breath test, but did not significantly affect the 13 CO 2 AUC, Cmax, or Tmax values (peak concentration and the time at which it occurred) compared to controls [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Isoleucine Supplementation on Body Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Response in Lean and Obese Mice

O’Rielly

Lim

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Chronic isoleucine supplementation prevents diet-induced weight gain in rodents. Acute-isoleucine administration improves glucose tolerance in rodents and reduces postprandial glucose levels in humans. However, the effect of chronic-isoleucine supplementation on body weight and glucose tolerance in obesity is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic isoleucine on body weight gain and glucose tolerance in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD) induced-obese mice. Male C57BL/6-mice, fed a standard-laboratory-diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks, were randomly allocated to: (1) Control: Drinking water; (2) Acute: Drinking water with a gavage of isoleucine (300 mg/kg) prior to the oral-glucose-tolerance-test (OGTT) or gastric-emptying-breath-test (GEBT); (3) Chronic: Drinking water with 1.5% isoleucine, for a further six weeks. At 16 weeks, an OGTT and GEBT was performed and at 17 weeks metabolic monitoring. In SLD- and HFD-mice, there was no difference in body weight, fat mass, and plasma lipid profiles between isoleucine treatment groups. Acute-isoleucine did not improve glucose tolerance in SLD- or HFD-mice. Chronic-isoleucine impaired glucose tolerance in SLD-mice. There was no difference in gastric emptying between any groups. Chronic-isoleucine did not alter energy intake, energy expenditure, or respiratory quotient in SLD- or HFD-mice. In conclusion, chronic isoleucine supplementation may not be an effective treatment for obesity or glucose intolerance.

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Effects of straight alkyl chain, extra hydroxylated alkyl chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric emptying evaluated using a non-invasive breath test in conscious rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Correlation Between Gastric Emptying and Gastric Adaptive Relaxation Influenced by Amino Acids

Correlation Between Gastric Emptying and Gastric Adaptive Relaxation Influenced by Amino Acids

Influence of amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation) in rats as evaluated with a barostat

The Effect of Isoleucine Supplementation on Body Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Response in Lean and Obese Mice

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