Effects of strength training on total and regional body composition in older men

Abstract

The effects of a 16-wk strength-training program on total and regional body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hydrodensitometry in 13 untrained healthy men [60 +/- 4 (SD) yr]. Nine additional men (62 +/- 6 yr) served as inactive controls. The strength-training program resulted in substantial increases in both upper (39 +/- 8%; P < 0.001) and lower (42 +/- 14%; P < 0.001) body strength. Total fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2 kg (62.0 +/- 7.1 to 64.0 +/- 7.2 kg; P < 0.001), and total fat mass decreased by the same amount (23.8 +/- 6.7 to 21.8 +/- 6.0 kg; P < 0.001) when measured by DEXA. When measured by hydrodensitometry, similar increases in FFM (61.3 +/- 7.8 to 63.0 +/- 7.6 kg; P < 0.01) and decreases in fat mass (23.8 +/- 7.9 to 22.1 +/- 7.7 kg; P < 0.001) were observed. When measured by DEXA, FFM was increased in the arms (6.045 +/- 0.860 to 6.418 +/- 0.803 kg; P < 0.01), legs (19.416 +/- 2.228 to 20.131 +/- 2.303 kg; P < 0.001), and trunk (29.229 +/- 4.108 to 30.134 +/- 4.184 kg; P < 0.01), whereas fat mass was reduced in the arms (2.383 +/- 0.830 to 2.128 +/- 0.714 kg; P < 0.01), legs (7.583 +/- 1.675 to 6.945 +/- 1.551 kg; P < 0.001), and trunk (12.216 +/- 4.143 to 11.281 +/- 3.653 kg; P < 0.01) as a result of training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children

“…108, 109 The extent to which exercise intervention alone, without dietary intervention, can in¯uence body composition and health risk in children is unclear. In a randomized and controlled study, Gutin 110 examined the in¯uence of four months of physical training (®ve days per week for 40 min per session) and detraining on body composition and health risk factors for obese children (aged 7 ± 11 y) in the absence of any dietary intervention. 108 Physical activity led to signi®cant bene®cial changes in percent fat, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, fasting insulin and triglycerides, and cardiac parasympathetic activity.…”

Body composition and food intake in elderly women subjected to resistance training

“…Vários estudos reportaram redução significativa (Campbell et al, 1994a;Treuth et al, 1994;Campbell et al, 1999), enquanto outros não observaram qualquer alteração nesse parâmetro (Roman et al, 1993;Nelson et al, 1996).…”

“…Além das diferenças na intensidade e no período de extensão do treinamento, pode-se observar diferenças entre os grupamentos musculares treinados: o estudo de Treuth et al (1994) e o presente estudo utilizaram protocolo de treinamento para o corpo inteiro; o estudo de Roman et al (1993) treinou os membros superiores; os estudos de Nelson et al (1996) e Campbell et al (1999 treinaram membros superiores, costas e abdome; o estudo de Meredith et al (1992) treinou membros inferiores e o estudo de Campbell et al (1994a) membros inferiores e superiores. A duração das sessões de treinamento é um outro fator que divergiu bastante entre os protocolos, tendo em vista o número de séries executadas e os grupos musculares treinados.…”

“…Os estudos que reportaram diminuição no %GC (Campbell et al, 1994a;Treuth et al,1994;Campbell et al,1999), foram realizados em período de tempo superior ao nosso e utilizaram técnicas de avaliação consideradas mais sensíveis, o que pode ser uma explicação para não termos detectado redução significativa no %GC. Ou seja, dez semanas de treinamento pode não ter sido suficiente para detectar alterações no percentual de gordura corporal, através das técnicas utilizadas.…”

Optimal health and function among the elderly: lessening severity of ADL disability

“…Aging-related changes occur mainly in the cardiopulmonary and skeletal muscles, bringing about a reduction in physical performance [8,66]. Such myocardial and peripheral functional changes include a decline in maximum heart rate, stroke volume, and heart contractility and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance.…”