Effects of Styrene-metabolizing Enzyme Polymorphisms and Lifestyle Behaviors on Blood Styrene and Urinary Metabolite Levels in Workers Chronically Exposed to Styrene

Kim, Ki Woong

doi:10.5487/tr.2015.31.4.355

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Styrene is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mainly used in polymer industries where plastics, synthetic rubbers, and resins are manufactured. 1 In 2008, over 12 billion pounds of styrene were produced in the United States. 2 Ethylbenzene is found naturally in coal tar and petroleum and is used in the manufacturing process of styrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylbenzene and styrene exposure in the United States based on urinary mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012

Capella

Roland

Geldner

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylbenzene and styrene exposure in the United States based on urinary mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012

Capella

Roland

Geldner

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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“…In the present study, a subchronic (90-day) toxicity test was conducted, and no change was observed in the body weight of the EF 2001 administration group as compared with the control group ( 18 ). The reason for this is that EF 2001 is not toxic and is considered to be a dead cell ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchronic Oral Dose Toxicity Study ofEnterococcus Faecalis2001 (EF 2001) in Mice

Yamasita

Kang

2018

ToxicolRes

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As a part of general toxicity studies of Enterococcus Faecalis 2001 (EF 2001) prepared using heat-treatment bacillus mort body EF 2001 in mice, this study examined the toxicity of EF 2001 in single and repeated administrations following the previous report in order to apply this product to preventive medicine. The safety of oral ingestion of EF 2001 was examined in 6-week-old male and female ICR mice with 1,000 mg/kg, 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day administrated by gavage of the maximum acceptable dose of EF 2001. The study was conducted using distilled water as a control following the methods for general toxicity studies described in the “Guidelines for Non-clinical Studies of Pharmaceutical Products 2002”. As a control, 1) observation of general conditions, 2) measurement of body weight, 3) determination of food consumption, 4) determination of water consumption, 5) blood test and urinalysis and 6) pathological examination were performed for the administration of EF 2001. Mice received EF 2001 for 13 weeks and results were compared with those of the control group that received distilled water. The results of the above examinations revealed no significant differences between control and EF 2001 groups for both males and females. Thus, no notable toxicity was confirmed with single and repeated oral administrations of EF 2001. Oral administration in the above doses did not result in abnormal symptoms or death during the observation period. No abnormalities in blood cell count or organ weights were seen. Without any evidence of toxicity to cells and organs, EF 2001 is speculated to not adversely affect living organisms. The 50% lethal dose of EF 2001 with oral administration in mice is estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day for both male and female mice. Therefore, LD50 value for animals was 5,000 mg/kg or more.

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“…However, employees who produce these chemicals have a higher risk for health problems, due to chemical exposure (17). Because most of these employees are exposed to mixed compounds (6), it is difficult to elucidate the chemical substances that directly affect health, as well as the interactions between these chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Toxic Effects of Polar and Nonpolar Chemicals on Human Hepatocytes (HepG2) Cells by Quantitative Property - Activity Relationship Modeling

et al. 2016

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We determined the toxicity of mixtures of ethyl acetate (EA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene (TOL) and xylene (XYL) with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values obtained using human hepatocytes cells. According to these data, quantitative property-activity relationships (QPAR) models were successfully proposed to predict the toxicity of mixtures by multiple linear regressions (MLR). The leave-one-out cross validation method was used to find the best subsets of descriptors in the learning methods. Significant differences in physico-chemical properties such as boiling point (BP), specific gravity (SG), Reid vapor pressure (rVP) and flash point (FP) were observed between the single substances and the mixtures. The EC50 of the mixture of EA and IPA was significantly lower than that of contained TOL and XYL. The mixture toxicity was related to the mixing ratio of MEK, TOL and XYL (MLR equation EC50 = 3.3081 − 2.5018 × TOL − 3.2595 × XYL − 12.6596 × MEK × XYL), as well as to BP, SG, VP and FP (MLR equation EC50 = 1.3424 + 6.2250 × FP − 7.1198 × SG × FP − 0.03013 × rVP × FP). These results suggest that QPAR-based models could accurately predict the toxicity of polar and nonpolar mixtures used in rotogravure printing industries.

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Effects of Styrene-metabolizing Enzyme Polymorphisms and Lifestyle Behaviors on Blood Styrene and Urinary Metabolite Levels in Workers Chronically Exposed to Styrene

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Ethylbenzene and styrene exposure in the United States based on urinary mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012

Ethylbenzene and styrene exposure in the United States based on urinary mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012

Subchronic Oral Dose Toxicity Study ofEnterococcus Faecalis2001 (EF 2001) in Mice

Combined Toxic Effects of Polar and Nonpolar Chemicals on Human Hepatocytes (HepG2) Cells by Quantitative Property - Activity Relationship Modeling

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