Effects of Subcutaneous Expansion on the Mechanical Properties of Porcine Skin

Belkoff, Stephen M.; Naylor, Ellen C.; Walshaw, Richard; Lanigan, Edward D.; Colony, Lee H.; Haut, Roger C.

doi:10.1006/jsre.1995.1019

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Initially, acute expansion was hypothesised to be due to rupture of the interlinking of dermal collagen allowing the fibres to realign in a direction parallel to the force that stretches them. Histopathological studies did not confirm this theory, [12][13][14] and there are probably a number of factors involved, including altering of the tissue surrounding the expander by compression, and by cell and interstitial space dehydration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Creep refers to the increasing rate of skin extension when a constant load is applied over time. [12][13][14] Advantages of tissue expansion include a smaller defect at the flap donor site, less wound-closure tension at the donor and recipient sites reducing the risk of wound scarring, and less displacement of adjacent structures (for example, brow elevation at the harvest site and cicatricial ectropion at the donor site).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ‘RITE’ use of the Fricke flap in periorbital reconstruction

Wilcsek

Leatherbarrow

Halliwell

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To revisit an important but outmoded periorbital reconstructive technique.We present cases to illustrate the usefulness of the Fricke flap and describe a method of rapid intraoperative tissue expansion (RITE), which can enhance the applicability and effectiveness of the Fricke flap. A comparison between those cases performed with and without adjunctive RITE was not made due to the low numbers available. Methods A retrospective review of clinical cases. Results A total of 20 cases in which the Fricke flap was used for periorbital reconstruction were reviewed. The mean patient age was 64.7 years; the male-to-female ratio was 1 : 1. The patient follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years with a mean of 4.2 years. The most common cause (65%) of periorbital defect was excision of eyelid malignancy. Necrosis of the terminal segment of the flap requiring further surgical intervention occurred in 10%

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘RITE’ use of the Fricke flap in periorbital reconstruction

Wilcsek

Leatherbarrow

Halliwell

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…Of note, to ensure that we have a feasible approach to study viscoelasticity, the SRs (namely 0.007-0.065 s −1 ) were selected to fall within the lower and upper limits of viscoelasticity (Funk et al 2000). These levels also were of a similar order of magnitude to those used in previous studies (Belkoff et al 1995;Ankersen et al 1999;Corr et al 2009;Ní Annaidh et al 2012). Typically, 5-10 specimens were tested to rupture at each combination of SR and TO levels.…”

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most data in Fig. 4 are displayed using the mean value (complemented by SD values), only the results from Belkoff et al (1995) (Fig. 4a-c) and Arumugam et al (Arumugam et al 1994) Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Literature Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are plotted using mean values; error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean. Arumugam et al (1994): E, σ U and ε U are estimated from the stressstrain curves derived from goat (butt) skin specimens (P direction); Belkoff et al (1995): E and σ U are identified from porcine skin (PS) specimens treated for tissue expansion and tested after a 4-week biopsy ('R' and 'P' refer to the respective longitudinal and transverse direction with respect to the body, as defined by Belkoff et al); Ankersen et al (1999): E, σ U and ε U are derived from PS (belly) specimens associated with the P and R directions; Corr et al (2009): from PS specimens in two directions with respect to the spine (axial, i.e. P direction, and transverse, i.e.…”

Section: Comparison With Literature Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resolving the viscoelasticity and anisotropy dependence of the mechanical properties of skin from a porcine model

Wong

Joyce

Goh

2015

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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The mechanical response of skin to external loads is influenced by anisotropy and viscoelasticity of the tissue, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report a study of the main effects of tissue orientation (TO, which is linked to anisotropy) and strain rate (SR, a measure of viscoelasticity), as well as the interaction effects between the two factors, on the tensile properties of skin from a porcine model. Tensile testing to rupture of porcine skin tissue was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the tissue modulus of elasticity (E) and fracture-related properties, namely maximum stress (σU) and strain (εU) at σU, to varying SR and TO. Specimens were excised from the abdominal skin in two orientations, namely parallel (P) and right angle (R) to the torso midline. Each TO was investigated at three SR levels, namely 0.007-0.015 s(-1) (low), 0.040 s(-1) (mid) and 0.065 s(-1) (high). Two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the respective parameters responded differently to varying SR and TO. Significant changes in the σU were observed with different TOs but not with SR. The εU decreased significantly with increasing SR, but no significant variation was observed for different TOs. Significant changes in E were observed with different TOs; E increased significantly with increasing SR. More importantly, the respective mechanical parameters were not significantly influenced by interactions between SR and TO. These findings suggest that the trends associated with the changes in the skin mechanical properties may be attributed partly to differences in the anisotropy and viscoelasticity but not through any interaction between viscoelasticity and anisotropy.

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Pharmacological models in dermatology

Vogel

Schölkens

et al. 2002

Drug Discovery and Evaluation

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Effects of Subcutaneous Expansion on the Mechanical Properties of Porcine Skin

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The ‘RITE’ use of the Fricke flap in periorbital reconstruction

The ‘RITE’ use of the Fricke flap in periorbital reconstruction

Resolving the viscoelasticity and anisotropy dependence of the mechanical properties of skin from a porcine model

Pharmacological models in dermatology

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