Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Nelson, Michelle C.; Reynolds, John D.

doi:10.1890/es14-00162.1

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(79 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, juvenile coho salmon were larger in streams with more chum and pink salmon, even when accounting for stream width and pool depth (Fig. 3d, Nelson and Reynolds 2015). Other population‐level relationships included population age composition of juvenile coho salmon and the phylogenetic dispersion of riparian plants, with both positive and null responses (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Four illustrative examples of relationships between the density of salmon and different ecological attributes or processes (a) δ 15 N of false azalea (Hocking and Reynolds 2011), (b) number of chum salmon caught per hour by bears (Peirce et al 2013), (c) proportional change in mayfly larvae biomass (Ephemeroptera) (Moore and Schindler 2008), and (d) fork length size of juvenile age 0 coho salmon (Nelson and Reynolds 2015). Model fits are based on the best model, with confidence bands (dark shading) and prediction bands (light shading).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationships between Pacific salmon and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: implications for ecosystem‐based management

Walsh

Pendray

Godwin

et al. 2020

Ecology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pacific salmon influence temperate terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems through the dispersal of marine‐derived nutrients and ecosystem engineering of stream beds when spawning. They also support large fisheries, particularly along the west coast of North America. We provide a comprehensive synthesis of relationships between the densities of Pacific salmon and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, summarize the direction, shape, and magnitude of these relationships, and identify possible ecosystem‐based management indicators and benchmarks. We found 31 studies that provided 172 relationships between salmon density (or salmon abundance) and species abundance, species diversity, food provisioning, individual growth, concentration of marine‐derived isotopes, nutrient enhancement, phenology, and several other ecological responses. The most common published relationship was between salmon density and marine‐derived isotopes (40%), whereas very few relationships quantified ecosystem‐level responses (5%). Only 13% of all relationships tended to reach an asymptote (i.e., a saturating response) as salmon densities increased. The number of salmon killed by bears and the change in biomass of different stream invertebrate taxa between spawning and nonspawning seasons were relationships that usually reached saturation. Approximately 46% of all relationships were best described with linear or curved nonasymptotic models, indicating a lack of saturation. In contrast, 41% of data sets showed no relationship with salmon density or abundance, including many of the relationships with stream invertebrate and biofilm biomass density, marine‐derived isotope concentrations, or vegetation density. Bears required the highest densities of salmon to reach their maximum observed food consumption (i.e., 9.2 kg/m2 to reach the 90% threshold of the relationship’s asymptote), followed by freshwater fish abundance (90% threshold = 7.3 kg/m2 of salmon). Although the effects of salmon density on ecosystems are highly varied, it appears that several of these relationships, such as bear food consumption, could be used to develop indicators and benchmarks for ecosystem‐based fisheries management.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Pacific salmon and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: implications for ecosystem‐based management

Walsh

Pendray

Godwin

et al. 2020

Ecology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other studies within freshwater that have compared across streams with different salmon densities have found that high abundances of one species of salmon (e.g., sockeye, pink, or chum salmon) are associated with larger sizes of co‐occurring stream‐rearing salmon like coho (Nelson and Reynolds , Smits et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Armstrong and Bond ), and this altered growth could shift the life histories of co‐occurring species. For example, Nelson and Reynolds (, ) found that the density, size, and proportional age structure of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) juveniles correlated with spawning chum and pink salmon densities across streams. While it has been widely hypothesized that Pacific salmon migrations benefit co‐occurring salmon populations during the freshwater portion of their life cycles (Naiman et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in the freshwater life‐history dynamics of a migratory salmonid

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key life‐cycle transitions, such as metamorphosis or migration, can be altered by a variety of external factors, such as climate variation, strong species interactions, and management intervention, or modulated by density dependence. Given that these life‐history transitions can influence population dynamics, understanding the simultaneous effects of intrinsic and extrinsic controls on life‐history expression is particularly relevant for species of management or conservation importance. Here, we examined how life histories of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are affected by weather, pink salmon abundance (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), experimental nutrient addition, and density‐dependent processes. We tested for impacts on the size of steelhead smolts (juveniles migrating to the sea), as well as their age and abundance across four decades in the Keogh River, British Columbia, Canada. Larger steelhead smolts were associated with warmer years and artificial nutrient addition. In addition, higher pink salmon abundance and artificial nutrient addition correlated with juvenile steelhead migrating at younger ages. While density dependence appeared to be the primary factor regulating the abundance of steelhead smolts, nutrient addition and temperature were positively and negatively associated with smolt production, respectively, prior to 1991, and pink salmon spawning abundance was positively associated with smolt production after 1990. Thus, this study provides evidence that the temporal dynamics of one species of salmon is linked to the juvenile life history of co‐occurring steelhead. A complex interplay of species interactions, nutrient subsidies, density dependence, and climatic variation can control the life‐history expression of species with complex life cycles.

show abstract

“…Migratory animals can transport organic matter and nutrients across ecosystem boundaries, thereby influencing the productivity and structure of recipient ecosystems (Nelson & Reynolds, 2015;Polis, Anderson, & Holt, 1997). These biogeochemical subsidies are particularly important to oligotrophic ecosystems, such as when nutrients are transported from the ocean to desert islands (Spiller et al, 2010) or temperate forested streams (Richardson, Zhang, & Marczak, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmon‐derived nutrient and organic matter fluxes from a coastal catchment in southeast Alaska

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmon are important vectors for biogeochemical transport across ecosystem boundaries. Here we quantified salmon contributions to annual catchment fluxes of nutrients (N and P) and organic matter (C, N, and P) from a forested catchment in coastal southeast Alaska. Concentrations of ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus increased by several orders of magnitude during spawning and were significantly correlated with spawning salmon densities. Nitrate concentrations increased modestly during spawning and were not significantly correlated with salmon densities. Salmon had a modest legacy effect on inorganic N and P as evidenced by elevated streamwater concentrations past the end of the spawning period. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations did not respond to the presence of salmon; however, concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus showed a significant positive relationship to salmon densities. Changes in spectroscopic properties of the bulk streamwater dissolved organic matter pool indicated that streamwater dissolved organic matter became less aromatic and biolabile during spawning. On an annual basis, salmon were the dominant source of streamwater fluxes of inorganic nutrients, accounting for 92%, 65%, and 74% of annual streamwater fluxes of ammonium, nitrate, and soluble reactive phosphorus, respectively. In contrast, fluxes of organic matter were dominated by catchment sources with salmon accounting for <1% of the annual catchment flux of dissolved organic carbon and 12% and 15% of the annual fluxes of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorous respectively. These findings indicate that, in small coastal catchments, salmon can be a quantitatively important source of dissolved streamwater nutrients with implications for productivity in downstream estuarine ecosystems.

show abstract

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Relationships between Pacific salmon and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: implications for ecosystem‐based management

Relationships between Pacific salmon and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: implications for ecosystem‐based management

The roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in the freshwater life‐history dynamics of a migratory salmonid

Salmon‐derived nutrient and organic matter fluxes from a coastal catchment in southeast Alaska

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About