Effects of Sulfur Fertilization on Composition and Digestion of Phenolic Compounds in Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass

Chestnut, A. B.; Fahey, G. C.; Berger, L. L.; Spears, J. W.

doi:10.2527/jas1986.6361926x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The molar ratio of p-coumaric to ferulic acid in the esterified non-core lignin was increased (P c .05) when oat straw was incubated with PC, PP, and PT and when alfalfa stems were incubated with PT and SG (Table 4). This enrichment of pcoumaric acid may reflect the greater degradation of esterified ferulic than of p-coumaric acid that has been measured in the rumen (Jung et al, 1983b;Chestnut et al, 1986). No change was detected in molecular composition of ether linked, non-core lignin phenolic acids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of white rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of oat straw and alfalfa stems

Jung

Valdez²,

Abad

et al. 1992

Journal of Animal Science

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Five white rot basidiomycetes were evaluated for their potential to improve ruminal degradation of oat straw and alfalfa stems. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), Scytinostroma galactinum (SG), Phlebia tremellosa (PT), Phellinus pini (PP), and Pholiota mutabilis (PM) were incubated on oat straw and alfalfa stems for 30 d at 28 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. Detergent fiber and total fiber components (neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin [KL], and ester- and ether-linked non-core lignin phenolics), core lignin nitrobenzene oxidation products, and IVDMD were determined. Electron microscopy of KMnO4-stained and cellulase/colloidal gold-labeled sections was used to monitor fungal activity. Large losses of DM were noted for all fungal species on both substrates. Lignin (KL and ADL) was removed (P less than .05) from oat straw by PC and PT treatment, but no net loss of lignin was observed for fungal treatment of alfalfa stems. Cell-wall polysaccharides were removed from both substrates by fungal activity. Only PC increased (P less than .05) IVDMD of oat straw, and SG, PT, PP, and PC treatment decreased (P less than .05) IVDMD of alfalfa stems, presumably because the fungi removed the most readily fermentable polysaccharides. Transmission electron microscopy using KMnO4 staining showed a nonselective white rot attack. Cytochemical studies using colloidal gold-labeled exo- and endocellulases were used to map the location of cellulose in the cell wall before and after decay by the white rot fungi. All the white rot fungi tested had eroded and thinned cell walls. Residual cell walls were well-labeled; both endo- and exocellulose-colloidal gold identified the cellulosic wall material that remained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of white rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of oat straw and alfalfa stems

Jung

Valdez²,

Abad

et al. 1992

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The extent of lignin IVD, as determined by the acetyl-bromide method, appeared high (4669%) given that lignin is considered to be indigestible (Van Soest 1982). Apparent in-vivo lignin digestibilities of up to 43% have, however, been reported for permanganate lignin in cocksfoot (Chestnut et al 1986). A large proportion of lignin may be released from fibre during digestion (Conchie et a1 1988).…”

Section: In-vitro Disappearance Of Constituents From Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Core lignins (condensed polymers of cinnamyl alcohols) and esterified p-coumaric acid resist hydrolysis by rumen-microbial enzymes (Chestnut et a1 1986;Jung 1989). However, another phenolic constituent, esterified ferulic acid, is rapidly removed from cell walls and is positively correlated with digestibility (Chestnut et al 1986;Buxton and Russell 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐vitro disappearance of carbohydrates, phenolic acids, and lignin from parenchyma and sclerenchyma cell walls isolated from cocksfoot

Grabber

Jung

1991

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Rumen bacteria appear to rapidly detoxify PCA and F A by hydrogenation of the double bond in the propenoic side chain and yield 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA ;Chesson et a/ 1982;Martin 1982;Chestnut et a/ 1986). Possible pathways of ruminal detoxification of PCA and FA have recently been proposed (Besle et a/ 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Phenolic Acids Formed During Rumen Degradation of Maize Samples and in vitroDigestibility

Marvin

Krechting

Loo

et al. 1996

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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The organic matter (OMD) and cell wall (CWD) digestibility of stalks of 25 different maize samples were determined in an in vitroassay using rumen fluid. The stalk OMD and CWD varied between 62–80% and 44–62%, respectively. The free phenolic acids formed in the liquid phase during fermentation inin vitroincubations were assessed by HPLC and 1H NMR. The following nine phenolic acids could be demonstrated to be present:p‐hydroxybenzoic (HBA),p‐hydroxyphenylacetic (HPAA), vanillic (VA), syringic (SYRA), 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic (HPPA),p‐coumaric (PCA), ferulic (FA), phenylacetic (PAA) and 3‐phenylpropionic (PPA) acids. Large variation was observed among the maize samples for all phenolic acids identified. The most abundant phenolic acids, PPA, PAA and HPAA were present in concentrations ranging from 0·57 to 1·41 mM, 0·32 to 0·46 mM, and 71 to 105 μM, respectively, and were present as free monomeric molecules. HBA concentrations ranged from 6·9 to 21·1 μM and this acid was also present as free molecules. The other phenolic acids could only be observed after NaOH treatment of the liquid phase and were detected in minor amounts (0 to 12 μM). Correlation studies revealed a negative relation between digestibility and NaOH labile esters in the medium (ie PCA, FA, VA and SYRA esters) and a positive relationship between digestibility and PPA and PAA. When path analysis was applied, an inverse effect of PCA esters in the medium on both OMD and CWD (r=‐0·71 and −0·56, respectively) was observed and a high positive effect of PPA acid on CWD (r=+0·67). Principal component analysis revealed close associations between released phenolic acid esters, neutral detergent fibre, and cell wall esters of PCA and FA.

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Effects of Sulfur Fertilization on Composition and Digestion of Phenolic Compounds in Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of white rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of oat straw and alfalfa stems

Effect of white rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of oat straw and alfalfa stems

In‐vitro disappearance of carbohydrates, phenolic acids, and lignin from parenchyma and sclerenchyma cell walls isolated from cocksfoot

Relationship between Phenolic Acids Formed During Rumen Degradation of Maize Samples and in vitroDigestibility

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