Effects of supplemental tannic acid on growth performance, gut health, microbiota, and fat accumulation and optimal dosages of tannic acid in broilers

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dosages of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut health, immune system, oxidative status, microbial composition, volatile fatty acids (VFA), bone mineral density, and fat digestion and accumulation in broilers and to find optimal dosages of TA for efficient growth and gut health in broilers. A total of 320 male Cobb500 broilers were randomly distributed to 4 treatments with 8 replicates including 1) tannic acid 0 (TA0): basal diet without TA; 2) tannic acid 0.5 (TA0.5): basal diet with 0.5 g/kg TA; 3) tannic acid 1.5 (TA1.5); and 4) tannic acid 2.5 (TA2.5). Supplemental TA at levels greater than 972 mg/kg tended to reduce BW on D 21 (p = 0.05). The TA2.5 had significantly lower apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein compared to the TA0 group. The AID of ether extract tended to be reduced by TA at levels greater than 525 mg/kg (p = 0.08). The jejunal lipase activities tended to be reduced by TA at levels less than 595.3 mg/kg (p = 0.09). TA linearly decreased goblet cell density in the crypts of the jejunum (p < 0.05) and reduced mRNA expression of mucin two at levels less than 784.9 mg/kg and zonula occludens two at levels less than 892.6 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The TA0.5 group had higher activities of liver superoxide dismutase compared to the TA0 group (p < 0.05). Bone mineral density and contents tended to be linearly decreased by TA (p = 0.05), and the ratio of lean to fat was linearly decreased (p < 0.01). Total cecal VFA production tended to be linearly reduced by TA at levels greater than 850.9 mg/kg (p = 0.07). Supplemental TA tended to increase the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes (p = 0.1) and decrease the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (p = 0.1). The relative abundance of the family Rikenellaceae was the lowest at 500 mg/kg TA, and the relative abundance of the family Bacillaceae was the highest at 1,045 mg/kg TA. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimum level of supplemental TA would range between 500 and 900 mg/kg; this range of TA supplementation would improve gut health without negatively affecting growth performance in broilers under antibiotic-free conditions.

Effects of tannic acid on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidative status, and intestinal histomorphology in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1

“…The dosage effect of TA on the growth performance of broilers seems to be unclear. However, it is reported that high dose of TA has negative effects on the growth of broilers, and biological effects are strongly dose-dependent (37,38). Redondo et al (39) hypothesized that the addition of excessive TA to the diet may increase the astringency and bitterness of the feed, thereby reducing the feed intake.…”

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tannic acid as an antibacterial agent in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

“…The quantity and quality of extracted DNA were confirmed by using a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). The 16s rRNA gene sequencing was assisted by LC sciences, LLC (Houston, TX) ( Choi et al, 2022b ). QIIME2 (version 2022.02) was used to analyze sequenced data ( Bolyen et al, 2019 ; Choi and Kim, 2022 ).…”

Nutritional Strategies to Improve Meat Quality and Composition in the Challenging Conditions of Broiler Production: A Review

“…Reduced AA digestibility may lead to decreased meat yield because AAs are building blocks for proteins in meat [ 52 ]. Our previous study demonstrated that E. tenella infection reduced the production of cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; an important energy source for the host), which can lead to energy imbalances and reduce fat accumulation, resulting in decreased meat yields among broiler chickens [ 53 , 54 ]. Induced inflammation and oxidative stress caused by Eimeria infection can negatively affect meat quality in broilers [ 55 , 56 ].…”

“…The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens plays an important role in producing SCFA, which is an important energy source for the host [ 53 ]. Increased SCFA production levels, due to beneficially modulated microbiota, can affect the fat accumulation and body composition of broiler chickens [ 54 ]. However, a previous study by Wang et al [ 163 ] showed that the supplementation of Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 (1 × 10 6 CFU/kg feed) reduced fat accumulation by downregulating fat accumulation-related genes (e.g., lipoprotein lipase) in adipose tissue and by upregulating hepatic genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation in broiler chickens.…”

“…Huang et al [ 185 ] demonstrated that the oral administration (50 or 100 mg/kg of body weight) of green tea polyphenols decreased fat accumulation via downregulating genes related to fat accumulation and upregulating genes related to fat metabolism and transportation. Our previous study showed that the supplementation of tannic acid (0.5 to 2.5 g/kg of feed) reduced fat accumulation in broiler chickens by reducing the production of SCFA (e.g., microbial metabolites; important energy sources for the host) [ 54 ]. Therefore, the supplementation of polyphenolic compounds can positively affect the meat quality and body composition of broiler chickens.…”