Effects of taurine or sodium diformate supplementation to a low fishmeal plant‐based diet fed to European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax )

Abstract

The effects of either taurine (T) or sodium diformate (NDF) supplementation to a low fishmeal (FM) plant‐based diet on growth, health status, immunity and muscle cellularity of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, were investigated. Four isoproteic (44% CP) and isolipidic (17% L) diets were produced to contain 46% FM as a control diet, or 20% FM and a mixture of plant nutrients (PMX). The plant‐mix diets were either supplemented or not with 1% T or 0.3% NDF. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of seabass (mean, 13.71 g) for 13 weeks. Fish fed the PMX diet supplemented with T or NDF was recorded to have a significantly higher feed intake, weight gain and a better feed conversion rate than other groups. The diet composition did not significantly alter the biochemical or essential amino acid composition of fish, except for the slightly reduced lipid content of T‐fed fish in comparison to the PMX‐fed fish. These supplements further enhanced blood profile, immunity response and myocytes ultrastructure relative to fish fed the PMX diet. Accordingly, these results suggest that supplementation of low‐FM/plant‐mix diet with either 1% T or 0.3% NDF can promote growth, normalize physiological conditions and improve the striated muscle structure of juvenile seabass.

Optimal DL-Methionyl-DL-Methionine Supplementation Improved Intestinal Physical Barrier Function by Changing Antioxidant Capacity, Apoptosis and Tight Junction Proteins in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…Adding crystalline amino acids (CAAs) to plant-ingredients-based diets is likely to become an increasingly common practice to optimize the nutritional value of these diets. It has been found that crystalline amino acid supplementation improved fish growth and protein synthesis, as well as immunity and antioxidant capacity [ 6 , 7 ]. Methionine is a major limiting EAA in most plant-based ingredients of fish feed [ 1 ].…”

Modelling the impact of replacing fish oil with plant oils: A meta‐analysis to match the optimal plant oil for major cultured fish

“…The growth and feed intake of European seabass were also further repressed by plant oil if FM content was high. However, replacing FM and fish oil at the same time does not necessarily result in bad growth, 381–383 and the impact of low FM could be significantly improved by bioactive feed additives 384–386 . Thus, future studies should aim more at the overall reduction of oceanic products in fish diets rather than only replacing fish oil when the FM content is still very high.…”

Probing into the impacts of endogenous and exogenous short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fish health and growth

“…Furthermore, the study of El-Sayed Ali et al (2018) showed an increased number of lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood and alteration in the liver and kidney structure (10 and 20 g/kg) when sodium butyrate was included in the diet of Nile tilapia. Many studies have been conducted on immune responses of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) supplemented with different SCFA salts, such as sodium butyrate, sodium propionate, sodium diformate, and potassium diformate (Wassef et al, 2017(Wassef et al, , 2020(Wassef et al, , 2021(Wassef et al, , 2023Abdel-Mohsen et al, 2018). Notably, Abdel-Mohsen et al (2018) reported that microencapsulated sodium butyrate at a rate of 2 or 3 g/kg increased the serum immunoglobulins, respiratory burst, phagocytosis, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity in D. labrax fry (individual body weight, IBW of 0.45 g).…”

“…In D. labrax (IBW of 4.75±0.04 g), it has been found that dietary sodium diformate at a dosage of 3 g/kg improved the health status by increasing the leucocyte count, serum proteins, monocyte and lymphocyte percentages, lysozyme activity, and leucocytes phagocytosis (Wassef et al, 2017). Similarly, Wassef et al (2021) conducted a study on the effect of supplementary sodium diformate in the low fish meal plant-based diet on D. labrax (IBW of 13.71 g) in which they have found that the supplementation of sodium diformate (3 g/kg) with the plantmix diet increased the major blood constituents and serum immunity indicators.…”