“…This is due to its distinctive colloidal properties and ability to form a strong, insoluble polymer gel upon reaction with multivalent metal cations, such as Ca 2+ (Lu, Ding, Ye, & Liu, 2010). Natural products, such as tea polyphenols (TP), have also been broadly used as a preservative in the fish industry (Li, Li, Hu, & Li, 2013;Yi et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2013). TP, extracted from tea, contain catechins, flavones, anthocyanins, and so on (Huang, Huang, Liu, Luo, & Xu, 2007).…”