Effects of temperature and maternal and grandmaternal age on wing shape in parthenogenetic Drosophila mercatorum

Kjærsgaard, Anders; Faurby, Søren; Andersen, Ditte Holm; Pertoldi, Cino; David, Jean R.; Loeschcke, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.10.001

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…[12,13]) and may be cumulative. Our experiment does not allow us to statistically disentangle these effects because age and treatment are strongly linked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational effects of food availability on age at maturity and reproductive output in an asexual collembolan species

et al. 2011

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Transgenerational effects of environmental conditions can have several important ecological and evolutionary implications. We conducted a fully factorial experiment manipulating food availability across three generations in the collembolan Folsomia candida , a springtail species that inhabits soil and leaf litter environments which vary in resource availability. Maternal and grandmaternal food availability influenced age at maturity and reproductive output. These effects appear to be cumulative rather than adaptive transgenerational life-history adjustments. Such cumulative effects can profoundly influence eco-evolutionary dynamics in both stable and fluctuating environments.

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“…[12,13]) and may be cumulative. Our experiment does not allow us to statistically disentangle these effects because age and treatment are strongly linked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational effects of food availability on age at maturity and reproductive output in an asexual collembolan species

et al. 2011

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“…Environmental change can alter the association of traits (Kjaersgaard et al 2007) and thus the phenotype which can modify behaviour or locomotor activity (Valente et al 2007, Bettencourt et al 2009, Dillon et al 2009). This may have consequences for mortality rates and lifetime reproductive success, more so in light of current climatic changes where the capacity to cope with higher temperature is of central importance to the survival of species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster in high temperature environments: plastic and evolutionary responses

Kjærsgaard

Demontis²,

Kristensen³

et al. 2010

Clim. Res.

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Regular exposure to a given stressor poses selective pressure towards increased resistance. In high temperature environments this can be mediated through physiological and biochemical adjustments that lead to increased resistance to heat coma. Such adjustments may influence complex traits such as locomotor activity through cascading effects. Alternatively, changes in locomotor activity may change the exposure to the stressor and, thereby, the importance of the physiological and biochemical adjustments. In this experiment we analysed how selection for heat shock resistance may affect locomotor activity at high temperatures in Drosophila melanogaster. We compared 2 lines selected for heat shock (HS) and cold shock (CS) resistance at 4 constant high temperatures (28 to 38°C). We also tested the importance of heat shock protein (Hsp) expression by comparing locomotor activity at the same temperatures of a heat-sensitive mutant line (Hsf 0 ), where the heat shock factor (Hsf) is non-functional at high temperatures, with that of a rescued mutant line (Hsf + ) with a functional Hsf re-inserted. At moderately stressful temperatures (28 and 34°C), flies from the Hsf 0 line were more active than flies from the Hsf + line, whereas this was reversed at higher temperatures. In the selection lines, the CS flies were more active at 28°C but this was reversed at 34 and 36°C, whereas no difference was observed at the most stressful temperature (38°C). This suggests that the lines selected for increased cold tolerance were more stressed at moderately high temperatures and, therefore, more active in the attempt to escape the stress, whereas at higher temperatures, their locomotor activity was more compromised than in flies from the lines selected for increased heat resistance.

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“…Wing shape has been suggested to be regulated to a higher degree by genetic factors than wing size (e.g. Workman et al 2002, Breuker et al 2006, but studies using parthenogenetic flies have shown that responses to temperature are partially plastic (Andersen et al 2005, Faurby et al 2005, Kjaersgaard et al 2007. Although trends in wing shape changes with temperature are still somewhat elusive, some observations and ecological theories of an adaptive role have been put forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wing aspect, a ratio of wing width to wing area or wing length, has often been used as a measure of wing shape variation which is not simply ascribed to changes in allometric wing size (Azevedo et al 1998, Hoffmann & Shirriffs 2002, Carreira et al 2006, Santos et al 2006. Shape changes independent of size variation have been found in several studies in different Drosophila species and by means of different analytical approaches (Weber 1992, Bitner-Mathé & Klaczko 1999, Hoffmann & Shirriffs 2002, Kjaersgaard et al 2007, and there is some evidence that wing shape is related to fitness (Cavicchi et al 1991, Kölliker-Ott et al 2003, Carreira et al 2006. A decrease in wing aspect with temperature has usually been found in line with the theoretical expectations (Hoffmann & Shirriffs 2002, Santos et al 2006, Loh et al 2008, but see Gilchrist et al 2000) but apparently parallel selection is not operating among different Drosophila species (Loeschcke et al 1999, 2000, Gilchrist et al 2000, Hoffmann & Shirriffs 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature–maternal age interactions on wing traits in outbred Drosophila mercatorum

Kjærsgaard¹,

Faurby²,

Krag³

et al. 2010

Clim. Res.

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Drosophilid wings have often been used to investigate maternal effects of age and phenotypic plasticity in response to developmental temperature. However, temperature-maternal age interactions have been given little attention despite their potentially important role in driving evolution. Climatic change and anthropogenic intervention can possibly influence the age structure of a population, leading to a larger proportion of individuals reproducing at old age due to low recruitment. Here we investigated the morphometric traits wing length and wing width as well as the composite trait wing aspect (wing width/wing length) of the offspring of young (3 to 6 d) and old (15 to 18 d) mothers at 3 rearing temperatures (20, 25 and 28°C). We used 2 different strains of highly heterozygous, yet genetically identical, individuals. We found significant effects of maternal age and rearing temperature on wing size and wing shape characterised by PC1 and PC2, respectively; however, the interaction was highly significant only in Strain 2, but close to significant in Strain 1. The analysis of phenotypic plasticity of wing length in response to temperature did not reveal any difference between offspring of young and old mothers. For wing width, the response was significantly different from 20 to 25°C in Strain 1 but not in Strain 2. The composite trait, wing aspect, was highly significant from 20 to 25°C in Strain 1 and significant in Strain 2 from 25 to 28°C. The main implication of the observed results is that climatic factors, such as temperature, may interact with maternal effects of age to potentially exacerbate phenotypic plasticity.

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Effects of temperature and maternal and grandmaternal age on wing shape in parthenogenetic Drosophila mercatorum

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Transgenerational effects of food availability on age at maturity and reproductive output in an asexual collembolan species

Transgenerational effects of food availability on age at maturity and reproductive output in an asexual collembolan species

Locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster in high temperature environments: plastic and evolutionary responses

Temperature–maternal age interactions on wing traits in outbred Drosophila mercatorum

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