“…Many studies have observed maternal effects in response to environmental stimuli such as predation (Walsh et al, ; Walsh, Cooley, Biles, & Munch, ), food availability (LaMontagne & McCauley, ; Lynch & Ennis, ; Saastamoinen, Hirai, & van Nouhuys, ) and temperature (Burgess & Marshall, ; Walsh, Whittington, & Funkhouser, ). These effects may persist into the grand‐offspring generation and beyond (Hafer, Ebil, Uller, & Pike, ; Prizak, Ezard, & Hoyle, ; Walsh et al, ). Theory suggests that maternal effects are evolved adaptive responses to environmental change across generations (Marshall & Uller, ; Mousseau & Fox, ; Uller, ), and may play significant roles in the ecology and evolution of species (Beckerman, Benton, Ranta, Kaitala, & Lundberg, ; Benton, Plaistow, Beckerman, Lapsley, & Littlejohns, ; Kuijper & Hoyle, ).…”