Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Development of Sea Peach Halocynthia aurantium

Lee, Chu; Park, Minwoo; Lee, Chae-Sung; Kim, Su Kyoung; Kim, Wanki

doi:10.5322/jes.2009.18.10.1171

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In contrast, functional fatty acids extracted from Halocynthia aurantium which is an edible ascidian species, have not been studied as much as Halocynthia roretzi , even though H. aurantium is a valuable organism of the benthic marine population in the northern region of the East Sea, Korea [ 17 ]. In particular, H. aurantium fatty acids have not reported to be associated with immune-regulation, in any scientific study, to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Shin

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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Halocynthia aurantium, an edible ascidian species, has not been studied scientifically, even though tunicates and ascidians are well-known to contain several unique and biologically active materials. The current study investigated the fatty acid profiles of the H. aurantium tunic and its immune-regulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Results of the fatty acid profile analysis showed a difference in ratios, depending on the fatty acids being analysed, including those of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In particular, omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosatrienoic acid n-3 (ETA n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were much higher than omega-6 fatty acids. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids, significantly and dose-dependently, increased the NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells, for immune-enhancement without cytotoxicity. In addition, these fatty acids regulated the transcription of immune-associated genes, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α. These actions were activated and deactivated via Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and NF-κB signaling, to regulate the immune responses. Conversely, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids effectively suppressed the inflammatory cytokine expressions, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Productions of COX-2 and PGE2, which are key biomarkers for inflammation, were also significantly reduced. These results elucidated the immune-enhancement and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids in macrophage cells. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic might be a potential fatty acid source for immune-modulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Shin

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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“…Halocynthia aurantium is a valuable benthic marine organism found in the northern region of the East Sea, Korea [ 25 ]. The sea squirt prefers attachment to vertical rock faces in subtidal areas at a depth of up to 100 meters [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Activities of Body Wall Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium on RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Jang

Kim

et al. 2020

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Tunicates are known to contain biologically active materials and one species in particular, the sea peach ( Halocynthia aurantium ), has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we aimed to analyze the fatty acids profile of the H. aurantium body wall and its immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells. The fatty acids were classified into three categories: saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Omega-3 fatty acid content, including EPA and DHA, was higher than omega-6 fatty acids. H. aurantium body wall fatty acids exhibited enhanced immune response and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells. Under normal conditions, fatty acids significantly increase nitric oxide (NO) and PGE 2 production in a dose-dependent manner, thereby improving the immune response. On the other hand, in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, fatty acids significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and PGE 2 production in a dose-dependent manner, thereby enhancing anti-inflammatory effects. Fatty acids transcriptionally control the expression of the immune-associated genes, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 , and TNF-α , via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling cascades in RAW264.7 cells. However, in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells, H. aurantium body wall fatty acids significantly inhibited expression of inflammatory cytokine; similarly, production of COX-2 and PGE 2 was inhibited. The results of our present study provide insight into the immune-improving and anti-inflammatory effects of H. aurantium body wall fatty acids on macrophages. In addition, our study demonstrates that H. aurantium body wall is a potential source of immune regulatory components.

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“…This tunicate is usually called the sea peach because of its superficial resemblance in color and shape to a peach. It is an economically valuable marine benthic organism in the East Sea, Korea (Lee et al 2009). Halocynthia aurantium is widely consumed in East Asia and is attracting attention as a potentially new aquaculture variety in Korea.…”

Section: Halocynthia Aurantium; Mitochondrion Genome; Phylogenetic Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halocynthia aurantium is widely consumed in East Asia and is attracting attention as a potentially new aquaculture variety in Korea. Although some studies on the physiological characteristics required for farming conditions have been conducted (Baik et al 1986;Honegger and Koyanagi 2008;Lee et al, 2009), research on its genetic structure are lacking. The aim of this study is to document and characterize the mitochondrial genome of H. aurantium and to provide an evolutionary context within the Pyuridae.…”

Section: Halocynthia Aurantium; Mitochondrion Genome; Phylogenetic Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complete mitochondrial genome of sea peach Halocynthia aurantium (stolidobranchia: Pyuridae) from Korea

Kim

Choi

Seo

et al. 2021

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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Halocynthia aurantium (Stolidobranchia: Pyuridae) is a species of tunicate of commercial value that is commonly found in the northern Pacific Ocean and in the Bering Sea. Here, we determined the complete mitogenome of sea peach H. aurantium using 150 PE high-throughput sequencing. The assembled mitogenome is 14,979 bp in length (overall A þ T contents 56.2%), and contains 13 proteincoding genes, 21 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitogenome sequence of H. aurantium fully resolved it in a clade with H. roretzi. These data and results will be useful for future studies on the evolution of the Halocynthia and the Pyuridae.

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Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Development of Sea Peach Halocynthia aurantium

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Immunomodulatory Activities of Body Wall Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium on RAW264.7 Cells

Complete mitochondrial genome of sea peach Halocynthia aurantium (stolidobranchia: Pyuridae) from Korea

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