Effects of Temperature on Emergence Dynamics ofConopomorpha sinensis(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Abstract

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Evaluation of Insecticides for the Management of Litchi Fruit and Shoot Borer

“…The litchi growers are facing various biotic problems of several insect-pests such as fruit and shoot borer, litchi mite, bark eating caterpillar, leaf folder, litchi looper, litchi weevils etc., which caused severe loss to the growers (Kumar et al 2014). Among insect-pests, litchi fruit and shoot borer, Conopomorpha sinensis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is one of the major threats to litchi growers, causing severe losses to fruit as well as young shoots causing up to 24-48% and 7-70%, respectively , Li et al 2014. Conopomorpha sinensis adult female lays eggs on leaves, shoot, or fruits stems singly or in groups and after hatched larvae penetrate the fruits, flower, tender shoots and leaves, and feed on seed neck immediately which causes poor fruit quality and fruits drop after infestation (Waite 2005, Schulte 2007, Huang et al 1994, Manzel 2002, Tsang and Liang 2007, Kumar et al 2014, Meng et al 2018.…”