Effects of temperature, oxygen and steam on pore structure characteristics of coconut husk activated carbon powders prepared by one-step rapid pyrolysis activation process

Fu, Jiapeng; Zhang, Jingru; Jin, Chao; Wang, Zhiqiang; Wang, Tao; Cheng, Xingxing; Ma, Chunyuan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123413

Cited by 72 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…During the carbonization process, several components, including surfactants, play a role in forming the pore structure which will affect the pore volume of the material. Micropores are predominantly produced due to the flow of steam [ 39 ], while mesopores are caused by the decomposition of surfactants as they act as templates [ 40 ]. The decrease in micropore volume is also caused by the presence of manganese, which makes the pores micro sized when the carbonization process is widened [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher carbonization temperature could widen the pore size in the catalytic carbon material [ 35 ]. The microporous structure that is formed from pyrolysis due to steam at a temperature of 900 °C has a size range of 0.8–1.9 nm [ 39 ]. The material that has the addition of a surfactant has a larger specific surface area than the material that has the addition of manganese oxide, as seen in Table 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesoporous Manganese Oxide/Lignin-Derived Carbon for High Performance of Supercapacitor Electrodes

et al. 2021

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This study explores the modification of lignin with surfactants, which can be used as a template to make mesoporous structures, and can also be used in combination with manganese oxide to produce manganese oxide/lignin-derived carbon. Organosolv extraction, using ethanol (70%) at 150 °C, was carried out to extract lignin from oil palm wood. Lignin was then mixed with Pluronic F-127, with and without Mn(NO3)2, and then crosslinked with acidic formaldehyde, resulting in a carbon precursor-based modified lignin. Carbonization was carried out at 900 °C to produce lignin-derived carbon and manganese oxide/lignin-derived carbon. The characterization materials included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2-sorption analysis. FTIR curves displayed the vibration bands of lignin and manganese oxide. SEM images exhibited the different morphological characteristics of carbon from LS120% (lignin with a Pluronic surfactant of 120%) and LS120%Mn20% (lignin with a Pluronic of 120% and Mn oxide of 20%). Carbon LS120% (C-LS120%) showed the highest specific surface area of 1425 m2/g with a mean pore size of 3.14 nm. The largest mean pore size of 5.23 nm with a specific surface area of 922 m2/g was exhibited by carbon LS120%-Mn20% (C-LS120%-Mn20%). C-LS120%Mn20% features two phases of Mn oxide crystals. The highest specific capacitance of 345 F/g was exhibited by C-LS120%-Mn20%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Manganese Oxide/Lignin-Derived Carbon for High Performance of Supercapacitor Electrodes

et al. 2021

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“…A decreased specific surface area and total pore volume were found on RS-HCl + HF with strikingly increased average pore diameter, indicating that HCl + HF pickling reduced the specific surface area of RS. The development of a micropore structure may lead to the increase of the specific surface area and pore volume …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of a micropore structure may lead to the increase of the specific surface area and pore volume. 52 3.3. Fixed Bed Pyrolysis.…”

Section: Basic Characteristics Of the Raw And Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixed Bed Reactor Pyrolysis of Rape Straw: Effect of Dilute Acid Pickling on the Production of Bio-oil and Enhancement of Sugars

Xin

Wang

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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To investigate the influence of dilute acid pickling on pyrolysis behavior and product distribution during rape straw (RS) pyrolysis, HCl, HF, and HCl + HF were selected. Proximate and ultimate analysis, ICP-AES, SEM, and BET were employed to examine the composition and the physicochemical properties of the biomass. It is found that the alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in RS were obviously removed by acid pickling, especially HCl. Fixed bed pyrolysis data showed that liquid product increased from 37.48 wt % (RS) to 42.24 wt % (RS-HCl), 48.03 wt % (RS-HF), and 47.20 wt % (RS-HCl + HF). The relative content of main compounds in bio-oil were identified by GC/MS. Sugars increased from 1.43% (RS) to 25.27% (RS-HCl), 19.00% (RS-HF), and 19.78% (RS-HCl + HF). Particularly, D-allose, which has been widely used in the field of healthcare, increased dramatically. It is proposed that the removal of AAEMs promoted the depolymerization of cellulose or hemicellulose, resulting in increased sugars. Current results provide greater feasibility using bio-oil as raw material in biorefinery process.

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“…Conventionally, activated carbon with high specific surface area can be made by mixing carbon precursor with activating agents and heated at high temperature for several hours 6) . There are various activating agents that have been using in industry such as potassium hydroxide 7) 8) , sodium hydroxide 9) 10) , potassium carbonate 11) , zinc chloride 12) , and steam 13) . Since the mixture of carbon precursors and activating agents must be heated for a long period, such activated carbon preparation process is limited to be operated in batch system, leading to the difficulty to produce activated carbon in fast way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo Continuous Reactor with Microwave-plasma for Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon

Kuptajit

Nakagawa

Suzuki

et al. 2021

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

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A new activation method using a pseudo continuous reactor with microwave-induced plasma is examined to prepare activated carbon. Carbonized carbon gel is mixed with potassium hydroxide before being activated by microwave irradiation. The specific surface area of the product is investigated by varying microwave-retention time. The results show that the activated carbon with specific surface area of 3,054 m 2 g -1 and total pore volume of 1.35 cm 3 g -1 can be obtained within 510 s, although hour-level time is necessary to obtain similar activated carbon if conventional methods are used. Temperature change of the carbon precursor caused by microwave irradiation was measured in batch mode to estimate the temperature at pseudo continuous system based on the retention time. It was found that the retention time to reach 700 °C of the carbon precursor can be essential factor to achieve high surface area and large pore volume. In addition, the activated carbon synthesized by the proposed method can show an average mass yield percentage of 24.2%, which is much higher than that from conventional methods, 4.5-5.0%. Based on the influence of the microwave retention time, reaction mechanism is discussed. The fast rate and high yield shown here should contribute to energy-saving process.

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Effects of temperature, oxygen and steam on pore structure characteristics of coconut husk activated carbon powders prepared by one-step rapid pyrolysis activation process

Cited by 72 publications

References 45 publications

Mesoporous Manganese Oxide/Lignin-Derived Carbon for High Performance of Supercapacitor Electrodes

Mesoporous Manganese Oxide/Lignin-Derived Carbon for High Performance of Supercapacitor Electrodes

Fixed Bed Reactor Pyrolysis of Rape Straw: Effect of Dilute Acid Pickling on the Production of Bio-oil and Enhancement of Sugars

Pseudo Continuous Reactor with Microwave-plasma for Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon

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