Effects of Temporal Features and Order on the Apparent duration of a Visual Stimulus

Bruno, Aurelio; Ayhan, Inci; Johnston, Alan

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00090

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, our baseline values control for any duration effects that the temporal order might have introduced. In fact, when we looked at the mean data from our control blocks, the perceived duration of the standard (with a physical duration of 700 ms) was found to be around 657 ms, a typical temporal order effect that had been reported previously (Bruno, Ayhan, & Johnston, 2012). Here, the significant duration compression relative to the control data, therefore, seems to be induced rather by the preadaptation that took place on the same spatial position as the standard.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Short-term global motion adaptation induces a compression in the subjective duration of dynamic visual events

Gulhan

Ayhan

2019

Journal of Vision

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# Apparent duration can be manipulated in a local region of visual field by long-term adaptation to motion or flicker (Johnston, Arnold, & Nishida, 2006). These effects show narrow spatial tuning (Ayhan, Bruno, Nishida, & Johnston, 2009), as well as retinotopic position dependency (Bruno, Ayhan, & Johnston, 2010), supporting early locus in the visual pathway. Here, we introduce a new effect using RDK as a short-term visual adaptor and demonstrate that a brief, subsecond range adaptation induces a significant subjective duration compression (;10%) on a subsequently presented test stimulus (RDK pattern) only for global motion patterns drifting at 50% motion coherence but not for those drifting at 0% coherence, suggesting a higher level area as a source of origin. In another set of experiments using a plaid stimulus as the adaptor and gratings as the tests, we report again a significant duration compression following a brief motion adaptation, although the effect does not seem to be consistently selective for a particular direction of the standard test relative to that of the plaid adaptor (two-dimensional motion) or its components (one-dimensional motion). Finally, we conduct an experiment using shutter glasses and find that the effects of a short-term adaptor presented monocularly to one eye transfer to the nonadapted eye, providing evidence for the interocular transfer. In a series of control experiments, we also show that the duration effects cannot be explained by adaptationinduced changes in perceived speed, perceived onsetand-offset, and attentional resource allocation. Overall, the duration compression effect requiring motion coherence in RDK, persisting in plaid stimulus, and showing interocular transfer imply explicit genuine mechanisms mediating duration effects in the higher level motion areas.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Short-term global motion adaptation induces a compression in the subjective duration of dynamic visual events

Gulhan

Ayhan

2019

Journal of Vision

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“…Similar results are reported by Binetti et al [54], who compared temporal judgments for decelerating and accelerating flickering stimuli and found symmetrical over and underestimation compared to a constantly flickering comparison stimulus, which contradicts the rate-of-change-account, since all stimuli contained equal number of changes. Bruno et al [55] found that drifting stimuli are judged as longer than static stimuli, which confirms the rate-of-change-account. However, they also find mixed stimuli (including drifts and static periods) to be judged longer than the drifting ones, which cannot be explained by the rate-of-change-account, but requires an additional explanatory variable, such as reduced predictabilty of the mixed stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

How Long Depends on How Fast—Perceived Flicker Dilates Subjective Duration

et al. 2013

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How do humans perceive the passage of time and the duration of events without a dedicated sensory system for timing? Previous studies have demonstrated that when a stimulus changes over time, its duration is subjectively dilated, indicating that duration judgments are based on the number of changes within an interval. In this study, we tested predictions derived from three different accounts describing the relation between a changing stimulus and its subjective duration as either based on (1) the objective rate of changes of the stimulus, (2) the perceived saliency of the changes, or (3) the neural energy expended in processing the stimulus. We used visual stimuli flickering at different frequencies (4–166 Hz) to study how the number of changes affects subjective duration. To this end, we assessed the subjective duration of these stimuli and measured participants' behavioral flicker fusion threshold (the highest frequency perceived as flicker), as well as their threshold for a frequency-specific neural response to the flicker using EEG. We found that only consciously perceived flicker dilated perceived duration, such that a 2 s long stimulus flickering at 4 Hz was perceived as lasting as long as a 2.7 s steady stimulus. This effect was most pronounced at the slowest flicker frequencies, at which participants reported the most consistent flicker perception. Flicker frequencies higher than the flicker fusion threshold did not affect perceived duration at all, even if they evoked a significant frequency-specific neural response. In sum, our findings indicate that time perception in the peri-second range is driven by the subjective saliency of the stimulus' temporal features rather than the objective rate of stimulus changes or the neural response to the changes.

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“…However, the direction of preference is inconsistent across studies [2] . Some studies reported better performance in trials, in which the reference is presented in the first interval [3] , [8] – [12] , whereas others reported better performance when the reference stimulus is presented second ( [6] , [13] , [14] - as re-analyzed by [2] . Note that the presentation of [13] , [14] in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contradictory Behavioral Biases Result from the Influence of Past Stimuli on Perception

et al. 2014

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Biases such as the preference of a particular response for no obvious reason, are an integral part of psychophysics. Such biases have been reported in the common two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) experiments, where participants are instructed to compare two consecutively presented stimuli. However, the principles underlying these biases are largely unknown and previous studies have typically used ad-hoc explanations to account for them. Here we consider human performance in the 2AFC tone frequency discrimination task, utilizing two standard protocols. In both protocols, each trial contains a reference stimulus. In one (Reference-Lower protocol), the frequency of the reference stimulus is always lower than that of the comparison stimulus, whereas in the other (Reference protocol), the frequency of the reference stimulus is either lower or higher than that of the comparison stimulus. We find substantial interval biases. Namely, participants perform better when the reference is in a specific interval. Surprisingly, the biases in the two experiments are opposite: performance is better when the reference is in the first interval in the Reference protocol, but is better when the reference is second in the Reference-Lower protocol. This inconsistency refutes previous accounts of the interval bias, and is resolved when experiments statistics is considered. Viewing perception as incorporation of sensory input with prior knowledge accumulated during the experiment accounts for the seemingly contradictory biases both qualitatively and quantitatively. The success of this account implies that even simple discriminations reflect a combination of sensory limitations, memory limitations, and the ability to utilize stimuli statistics.

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Effects of Temporal Features and Order on the Apparent duration of a Visual Stimulus

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Short-term global motion adaptation induces a compression in the subjective duration of dynamic visual events

Short-term global motion adaptation induces a compression in the subjective duration of dynamic visual events

How Long Depends on How Fast—Perceived Flicker Dilates Subjective Duration

Contradictory Behavioral Biases Result from the Influence of Past Stimuli on Perception

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