Effects of texture and shape on perceived time to passage: Knowing “what” influences judging “when”

López‐Moliner, Joan; Brenner, Eli; Smeets, Jeroen B. J.

doi:10.3758/bf03193925

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This bias leads to an inverse relationship between accuracy and the weight which is given to the prior size. Our results are consistent with previous evidence for using prior information in similar tasks [11], [32], [33], but for the first time it delineates a mechanistic account of the interceptive behaviour that, in addition, keeps relevant 3D information for catching, such as size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

People Favour Imperfect Catching by Assuming a Stable World

López‐Moliner

Keil

2012

PLoS ONE

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The visual angle that is projected by an object (e.g. a ball) on the retina depends on the object's size and distance. Without further information, however, the visual angle is ambiguous with respect to size and distance, because equal visual angles can be obtained from a big ball at a longer distance and a smaller one at a correspondingly shorter distance. Failure to recover the true 3D structure of the object (e.g. a ball's physical size) causing the ambiguous retinal image can lead to a timing error when catching the ball. Two opposing views are currently prevailing on how people resolve this ambiguity when estimating time to contact. One explanation challenges any inference about what causes the retinal image (i.e. the necessity to recover this 3D structure), and instead favors a direct analysis of optic flow. In contrast, the second view suggests that action timing could be rather based on obtaining an estimate of the 3D structure of the scene. With the latter, systematic errors will be predicted if our inference of the 3D structure fails to reveal the underlying cause of the retinal image. Here we show that hand closure in catching virtual balls is triggered by visual angle, using an assumption of a constant ball size. As a consequence of this assumption, hand closure starts when the ball is at similar distance across trials. From that distance on, the remaining arrival time, therefore, depends on ball's speed. In order to time the catch successfully, closing time was coupled with ball's speed during the motor phase. This strategy led to an increased precision in catching but at the cost of committing systematic errors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

People Favour Imperfect Catching by Assuming a Stable World

López‐Moliner

Keil

2012

PLoS ONE

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“…It is thus not a foregone conclusion that TTC judgments are based on the contours of the moving objects. In fact, it has been demonstrated that the sensitivity for various directions of visual motion increases with the number of visible display elements (Morrone, Burr, & Vaina, 1995), although López-Moliner, Brenner, and Smeets (2007) did not observe an increase in the accuracy of time-to-passage judgments when a surface texture was added to an approaching object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of task-irrelevant texture motion on time-to-contact judgments

Oberfeld

Hecht

Landwehr

2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

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We investigated the effect of local texture motion on time-to-contact (TTC) estimation. In Experiment 1, observers estimated the TTC of a looming disk with a spiral texture pattern in a prediction-motion task. Rotation of the spiral texture in a direction causing illusory contraction resulted in a significant TTC overestimation, relative to a condition without texture rotation. This would be consistent with an intrusion of task-irrelevant local upon task-relevant global information. However, illusory expansion did not cause a relative TTC underestimation but rather also a tendency towards overestimation. In Experiment 2, a vertical cylinder moved on the frontoparallel plane. Observers judged its TTC with a finish line. The cylinder was textured with stripes oriented in parallel to its longitudinal axis. It was either not rotating, rotating such that the stripes moved towards the finish line (i.e., in the same direction as the contour), or rotating such that the stripes moved away from the finish line. Both types of texture motion caused TTC overestimation compared to the static condition. Experiment 3 showed that the different effects of task-relevant and task-irrelevant texture motion are not a mere procedural effect of the prediction-motion task. In conclusion, task-irrelevant local motion and global motion are neither averaged in a simple manner nor are they processed independently.

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“…The PM task is ideal for this objective because it allows for the manipulation of participants' TTC estimates, such that the perceived and physical arrival orders differ. Specifically, TTC estimation depends not only on the actual TTC signaled by accurate visual cues like τ, but also on heuristic cues (e.g., the size-arrival effect; DeLucia, 1991) and cognitive knowledge of an object's shape (López-Moliner, Brenner, & Smeets, 2007), size (Hosking & Crassini, 2011;López-Moliner, Field, & Wann, 2007), velocity or occultation (Tijtgat, Bennett, Savelsbergh, De Clercq, & Lenoir, 2010, 2011, and a trajectory (Hosking & Crassini, 2010) or gravity effect (i.e., downward-moving objects are expected to accelerate, hence shortening their TTC estimations; Zago et al, 2004). The goal of Experiment 2 of the present study is to investigate the role of perceived versus physical arrival order.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymmetric interference in concurrent time-to-contact estimation: Cousin or twin of the psychological refractory period effect?

Baurès

DeLucia

Olson

et al. 2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In a reaction time (RT) task requiring fast responses to two stimuli presented close in time, human observers show a delayed RT to the second stimulus. This phenomenon has been attributed to a psychological refractory period (PRP). A similar asymmetric interference is found when performing multiple concurrent visual time-to-contact (TTC) estimations for moving objects, despite important differences between the tasks. In the present study, we studied the properties of the asymmetric interference found in the TTC task and compared them to the classical PRP effect. In Experiment 1, we varied the time interval between the two objects' arrival times to determine the dependence of the PRP-like effect on the asynchrony between the two TTCs. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the physical or the perceived arrival order determined the asymmetric interference. Our results confirmed the existence of asymmetric interference in the multiple TTC estimation task, but also indicated important differences from the traditional PRP effect observed in the RT paradigm. The origins of these differences are discussed, as well as the practical implications.

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Effects of texture and shape on perceived time to passage: Knowing “what” influences judging “when”

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

People Favour Imperfect Catching by Assuming a Stable World

People Favour Imperfect Catching by Assuming a Stable World

Effects of task-irrelevant texture motion on time-to-contact judgments

Asymmetric interference in concurrent time-to-contact estimation: Cousin or twin of the psychological refractory period effect?

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