Effects of the Addition of Bentonite to High-Grain Dairy Rations which Depress Milk Fat Percentage

Rindsig, R.B.; Schultz, L.H.; Shook, G.E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(69)86839-6

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The toxicities of bentonite, kaolin, A12(SO4)3, A1203, and Al(OH)3 have been studied with rabbits (501), chickens (502), sheep (503,504), cows (505), and hogs (506) with regard to their use as feed additives. In general, beneficial effects such as growth stimulation without adverse effects on Ca and P metabolism were observed with low levels, 1-2% of the diet, of these Al compounds.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Aluminum and Its Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health

Sorenson¹,

Campbell²,

Tepper³

et al. 1974

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The review of over 800 references on aluminum (Al) published since the mid-fifties covers the occurrence of Al in soil, air, water, plants and food products, as well as air and water pollution problems. In addition, the existing quality criteria, the biology and toxicology of Al, and the therapeutic and medical uses are presented. It is concluded that absorption and retention or accumulation of Al in humans occurs at lower levels of intake than had been assumed formerly. However, levels of 5 to 50 times the normal daily intake do not appear to interfere with other metabolic processes. The adverse effects of Al reported in the more recent years resulted from the inhalation or ingestion of Al in concentrations many times greater than the amounts present under normal circumstances. As in the past, there is still no need for .ncern by the public or producers of Al or its products concerning hazards to human health derived from well established and extensively used products.

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Section: Toxicology Of Aluminum and Its Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health

Sorenson¹,

Campbell²,

Tepper³

et al. 1974

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Bentonite supplemented to dairy cows at 2 or 3 % of the diet buffered the rumen fluid when feeding acidogenically, which lead to an improvement of milk yield, a decrease of downer-cow syndrome as well as improved Ca, Mg and P levels in blood (Slanina, 1974). Bentonite increased milk fat, milk production and ruminal acetate levels in a study of Rindsig et al (1969), when added to fatdepressing rations of cows at 5 or 10 %.…”

Section: Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species

2011

EFS2

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Bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) is an additive proposed to be authorised as a substance for the reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins for all animal species at a recommended use level ranging from 0.05 and 0.3 % in complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel considers 0.5 % bentonite as safe for all target animal species. Since (i) bentonite is authorised as food additive without any restriction, (ii) natural montmorillonite is not genotoxic, and (iii) a 28-week toxicity study in rats showed dietary levels up to 2 % calcium montmorillonite without toxicity, the FEEDAP Panel considers that there is no safety concern for consumers. Bentonite is not irritant to skin and mildly irritant to eyes. Bentonite airborne dust is associated with elevated susceptibility to pulmonary infections. Bentonite is ubiquitous in the environment and is not expected to adversely affect the environment. In vitro systems demonstrated the ability of bentonite to adsorb aflatoxins in aqueous media at different pH values and to a lower degree in gastric juice. Since in vitro systems do not completely mimic the complex situations during digestion, an efficacy assessment requires a minimum of in vivo data. Two in vivo studies in dairy cows (< 5 µg AfB 1 /kg feed) demonstrated a significant reduction in AfB 1 excretion via milk by 0.03-1 % bentonite. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the bentonite under application has the potential to be efficacious as aflatoxin binder in feed of dairy cows, and extended this conclusion to all ruminants. The Panel was not in a position to assess the efficacy of the bentonite under application as aflatoxin binder for any other animal species than ruminants due to the absence of data. SUMMARYFollowing a request from of the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and the efficacy of the product bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite). Bentonite is currently authorised as binder, anticaking and anticoagulant agent. The applicant is now seeking authorisation for bentonite as a substance for the reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins, at a recommended use level ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 % in complete feed.Although no typical tolerance studies with bentonites were found in the literature, the varying bentonite levels (0.2-10 %) used in a multitude of studies (with poultry, ruminants and trout) allow performing an assessment of safety for the target animals. Levels of 1-2 % were tolerated if only zootechnical parameters were considered. However, already 0.5 % bentonite reduced the availability of the essential trace element manganese. Bentonites also interact with coccidiostats and other medicinal substances but apparently not with vitamins. The FEEDAP Panel considers, as a conservative estimate, 0.5 % bentonite to be safe for all target animal species.Since (i) bentonite is authorised as food additive without any restric...

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“…;l'#il:J::: (1961). Levels of phosphorus in the plasma were estimated using the colorimetric procedure of Fiske and Subbarow (1925 Kilmer et al (1980) Bringe and Schultz (1969) and by Rindsig et al (1969 ; ; had markedly lower levels. of ptasi,a cal-[#%t1"1'hft^,.5Tl*3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate Plus Magnesium Oxide or Bentonite on the Intake of Corn Silage by Lactating Cows

Fisher¹,

Mackay²

1983

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

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Effects of the Addition of Bentonite to High-Grain Dairy Rations which Depress Milk Fat Percentage

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health

Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species

The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate Plus Magnesium Oxide or Bentonite on the Intake of Corn Silage by Lactating Cows

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