Effects of the addition of dimer acid alkyl esters on the properties of ethyl cellulose

Lee, Sangjun; Ko, Kwang-Hwan; Shin, Jihoon; Kim, Nam Kyun; Kim, Young‐Wun; Kim, Joon‐Seop

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.029

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This result was probably due to the poor compatibility of DA-2, as seen in the aforementioned phase separation. A similar result was also reported by Lee et al [19]. The strain at the break of the plasticized PVC increased with the number of oxyethyl units in the plasticizer, indicating that these plasticizers were more flexible than DA-2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, the broad and asymmetric tan δ peaks in PVC-DA-2 and PVC-DA-4 can be attributed to phase separation [19]. Deconvolution of the peaks in the tan δ curves of PVC-DA-2 and PVC-DA-4 was performed using the PeakFit software to yield two Gaussian functions for each sample (Figure 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, DA was chosen as the model compound, and it was synthesized according to the previous reports [19,20]. First, the fatty acids were obtained via the hydrolysis of soybean oil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the Oxethyl Unit in the Structure of Vegetable Oil-Based Plasticizer for PVC: An Efficient Strategy to Enhance Compatibility and Plasticization

Tan

Liu

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Developing vegetable oil-derived primary plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is still a challenge because of their insufficient compatibility. As described in this work, we report the synthesis of plasticizers through the esterification of polyethylene glycol methyl ether and dimer acid, in which dimer acid is renewable material prepared via a two-step reaction (1) the hydrolysis of fatty acids from soybean oil at 70 °C and (2) subsequent Diels–Alder reaction at 250 °C. The resulting plasticizers, dimer acid-derived polyethylene glycol methyl ether esters (DA-2n, 2n = 2, 4, 6 or 8 referring to the number of oxethyl units per molecule), were blended with PVC. It was found that the tensile properties, transparency, and thermal stability of plasticized PVC (PVC-DA-2n) increased significantly with an increase in the number of oxyethyl units. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that its good compatibility can be attributed to the strong interaction between oxyethyl units and PVC. As the number of the oxyethyl units of plasticizer increased, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the corresponding plasticized PVC samples decreased from 62.3 (PVC-DA-2) to 35.4 °C (PVC-DA-8). Owing to the excellent plasticization of DA-8, the performances of PVC-DA-8 were comparable or better than that of the PVC plasticized using commercial dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP). The simple but efficient method of this study provides a new avenue for the preparation of vegetable oil-based plasticizers for PVC.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the Oxethyl Unit in the Structure of Vegetable Oil-Based Plasticizer for PVC: An Efficient Strategy to Enhance Compatibility and Plasticization

Tan

Liu

et al. 2019

Polymers

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“…Dimer acid (DA; >97%) was synthesized as reported in our previous work. 27 Titanium(IV) butoxide [Ti(OBu) 4 ; ≥97%] as the catalyst was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), and 1-methyl-2pyrrolidinone (NMP; ≥99%) was purchased from Samchun Chemical (S. Korea). These chemicals were used without further purification.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hard Segment Length on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(PA11-co-DA) Periodic Copolymers

Park

Hong

Lee³

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Polyamide 11 (PA11) is a semicrystalline polymer with excellent mechanical property. However, the use of PA11 with high crystallinity as an engineering plastic is limited because of its low impact resistance. In this work, a series of sustainable poly(PA11-co-DA) copolymers (PAx-p-DAy) were synthesized via polycondensation from vegetable oil-based dimer acid (DA) and diamine terminated polyamide 11 (ATPA11-x). The molecular structure of PAx-p-DAy was characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR, XRD, and viscometry. The mechanical properties of the periodic copolymers depended on the bulky DA content and the chain length of ATPA11-x. As the content of bulky DA increased and the chain length of ATPA11-x decreased, the degree of crystallinity of the PAx-p-DAy copolymers decreased, but the tensile strength, elongation, and tensile toughness increased. In addition, the low-temperature and room-temperature impact toughness of the copolymer was also remarkably improved. These thermoplastic polyamides have the potential to be widely applied.

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“…Investigated properties include densities, viscosities, kinematic viscosities, CP, PP, and thermal–oxidative stability. These polyfunctional molecules are important platform chemical intermediates with good thermal–oxidative stability for the formulation of functional fluids and the design and synthesis of nylons and polyamides, corrosion inhibitors, and surface‐coating agents (Bried et al, 1947; Cann and Amstutz, 1944; Lee et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Dimer Acid 2‐Ethylhexyl Esters and their Physicochemical Properties as Biolubricant Base Stock and their Potential as Additive in Commercial Base Oils

Isah

Zhang

Biresaw

et al. 2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Previously synthesized C36‐dimer acids (DA) have been esterified (97 ± 0.2% conversion at 120 °C for 72 hours) with 2‐ethylhexanol (2‐EH) to produce a new class of C52‐DA 2‐EH esters that have potential application in biolubricant formulations such as base oils and additives. Investigation of physicochemical and lubricant properties showed the bio‐based esters have good solubility in commercial base stocks such as polyalpha olefin (PAO‐6) (>20 w/w) and high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSuO) (>20 w/w). The neat C52‐DA 2‐EH esters displayed a three‐ to eightfold higher kinematic viscosity and comparable viscosity index (VI = 134) as a commercial base stock, PAO‐6 (VI =137). Both C52‐DA 2‐EH esters, whose parent C36‐DA were synthesized with two different zeolite catalysts, were oxidatively stable above 176 °C. Blending C52‐DA 2‐EH esters in HOSuO improved the pour point (PP) of HOSuO from −18.8 to −21.0 °C at 1% w/w and the cloud point (CP) from −6.3 to −10.6 °C at 8% w/w of C52‐DA 2‐EH ester 1. A similar trend was observed for C52‐DA 2‐EH ester 2, indicating that the esters possess PP depressant (PPD) characteristics in HOSuO blends. Blending C52‐DA 2‐EH esters in PAO‐6 increased the VI of PAO‐6, which is an indication that the bio‐based esters were acting as VI improvers (VII). It was concluded that C52‐DA 2‐EH esters can be employed commercially as bio‐based base oils and as PPD and VII additives in lubricant formulations.

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Effects of the addition of dimer acid alkyl esters on the properties of ethyl cellulose

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Role of the Oxethyl Unit in the Structure of Vegetable Oil-Based Plasticizer for PVC: An Efficient Strategy to Enhance Compatibility and Plasticization

Role of the Oxethyl Unit in the Structure of Vegetable Oil-Based Plasticizer for PVC: An Efficient Strategy to Enhance Compatibility and Plasticization

Effects of Hard Segment Length on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(PA11-co-DA) Periodic Copolymers

Synthesis of Dimer Acid 2‐Ethylhexyl Esters and their Physicochemical Properties as Biolubricant Base Stock and their Potential as Additive in Commercial Base Oils

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