Effects of the botanical composition and weather conditions on mycotoxins in winter forage from grassland

Laser, H.; Boberfeld, W. Opitz von; Wöhler, Karlheinz; Wolf, Douglas A.

doi:10.1007/bf02940101

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Comparing the contents of ergosterol and zearalenone in forage it is obvious that the high ergosterol content not always relates to the high content of zearalenone. This fact is corroborated also by Laser et al (2003), who claim that the high content of ergosterol need not necessarily indicate a high content of mycotoxins. However, namely the Arrhenatherum elatius forage in the second year of monitoring exhibited in December not only higher ergosterol content but also clearly related higher zearalenone content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Skládanka¹,

Dohnal

Doležal³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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The objective of the study was to assess the safety of forage prepared from selected grass species by means of the analysis of ergosterol and zearalenone. Graminaceous plants studied at the end of their growing season were Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata and Arrhenatherum elatius. Other indicators assessed were the content of ergosterol and zearalenone during the autumn and the intensity of grassland use in the summer season as related to the studied contents of metabolites. Grasslands were harvested either in October, November or December. The secondary metabolites were analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography. At the end of the growing season, the ergosterol content was the lowest in the Festulolium forage (110.04 mg·kg -1 ), the highest contents were observed in the Dactylis glomerata and Arrhenatherum elatius forages (145.73 mg·kg -1 and 139.55 mg·kg -1 , respectively). The safety of Festulolium was also corroborated by the low zearalenone content (0.357 mg·kg). On the other hand, the high ergosterol content in Arrhenatherum elatius was combined with a high content of zearalenone (1.554 mg·kg -1 ). Although Dactylis glomerata exhibited an ergosterol content comparable with that of Arrhenatherum elatius forage, its zearalenone content was comparable to the Festulolium forage. Among the three species under study we found a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the ergosterol and zearalenone contents. Changes in the ergosterol and zearalenone contents were also apparent from October to December. The highest (P < 0.01) content of ergosterol was found in December (254.26 mg·kg -1). The higher (P < 0.01) zearalenone content in this month (1.588 mg·kg -1 ) was caused by the Arrhenatherum elatius forage. Moreover, the contents of ergosterol and zearalenone were affected (P < 0.01) also by the number of cuts in summer. The higher ergosterol content indicated a higher forage infestation by fungi and the inherent risk of the occurrence of mycotoxins. However, the high ergosterol content not always correlated with the high content of zearalenone. When cattle is grazing in winter, a higher occurrence of mycotoxins in the feed may be expected and the related damage to animal metabolism may increase the number of diseased animals with consequent impact on animal production, performance and health and animal husbandry economics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Skládanka¹,

Dohnal

Doležal³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…However, in the sward pre‐utilized in August, there was a higher proportion of perennial ryegrass as described in the experiment by Golinska and Golinski (2005), which was more infected by Fusarium fungi than other grass species. Laser et al. (2003) also suggested that ZEA was only detectable in pure stands of L. perenne or in Lolio‐Cynosuretum plant communities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The hypothesis of the equality of harvest dates was rejected because differences in the concentration of ERG and ZEA were statistically significant. However, according to Laser et al. (2003) high amounts of ergosterol do not necessarily have to be an indication of high ZEA and OA concentrations in herbage, which is worth emphasizing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites Formed by Field Fungi in Autumn‐Saved Herbage

Boberfeld¹,

Kostecki²,

Kaczmarek³

et al. 2006

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Taking into consideration the fact that in recent years weather conditions were sufficient to feed cattle on pasture until late autumn or early winter, an experiment was carried out during the years 2000 and 2003 on a low input pasture to show the effect of the pre-utilization date (June, July, August) and the harvest date in the autumn/winter period (November, December, January) on the accumulation of the following secondary metabolites formed by fungi: ergosterol (ERG), ochratoxin A (OA) and zearalenone (ZEA) in the autumn-saved herbage. The highest levels of concentration of these metabolites were 470.3, 1.63 and 34.9 ng g )1 respectively. Lower ERG levels were influenced by later pre-utilization, which is a logical consequence of the shorter period of time for field toxigenic fungi development. Preutilization in August is strongly recommended as the concentration of ochratoxin A (OA) in the autumn-saved herbage in January was the lowest (not much changed in comparison with earlier harvest). Later harvest was also affected by higher ZEA concentrations in the analysed samples, which indicates that, under conditions of prolonged pasture utilization, field toxigenic fungi (producing ZEA) increased their population and had proper weather conditions stimulating the biosynthesis of the toxin. The later suggests that the final harvest of autumnsaved herbage should be made rather in December than in January. Higher levels of humidity influenced higher concentrations of ERG and ZEA in the autumn-saved herbage.

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“…The wilting reduced the content of fungi but led to a higher content of mycotoxins. According to Laser et al (2003), the high content of ergosterol need not necessarily indicate a high content of mycotoxins. In the comparison of the content of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, the silage contained especially deoxynivalenol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Contamination of Fodder and Wilting on the Occurrence of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa Silages

Hodulíková¹,

Skládanka²,

Mlejnková³

et al. 2016

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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The aim of the work is to assess the effect of soil contamination of fodder and wilting on the occurrence of fungi in the biomass of alfalfa and subsequently consider the mycotoxin content in alfalfa silage. The alfalfa biomass of Jarka variety, harvested from two experimental plots in different climatic conditions, was evaluated. The total number of microorganisms and fungi were determined in silage biomass and silage. The content of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in silages was treated with bacterial enzyme inoculant and chemical preservative, which is an acid. The total number of microorganisms was not influenced by the soil contamination of fodder. The occurrence of fungi was increased from 126,807 to 321,992 CFU·g -1 . The total number of microorganisms and fungi was raised by wilting. The occurrence of fungi was increased from 113,909 to 334,890 CFU·g . Deoxynivalenol (increased from 101.9 to 131.5 ppb) was especially determined in alfalfa silage. The content of zearalenone reached up to 0.5442 ppb. The alfalfa silages, produced from wilted silage, contained lower levels (P < 0.05) of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone than alfalfa silages produced from no-wilted biomass. The content of mycotoxins was affected neither biological nor chemical preservative.

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Effects of the botanical composition and weather conditions on mycotoxins in winter forage from grassland

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites Formed by Field Fungi in Autumn‐Saved Herbage

Effect of Soil Contamination of Fodder and Wilting on the Occurrence of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa Silages

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