Effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the policy response on childhood obesity risk factors: Gender and sex differences and recommendations for research

Knebusch, Veronika; Williams, Julianne; Aguirre, Isabel Yordi; Weber, Martin; Rakovac, Ivo; Breda, João

doi:10.1111/obr.13222

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…There are several notable papers in the literature that have been published during the writing of this report, which go some way to supporting our conclusions. Jia ( 104 ), Browne et al ( 105 ), and Knebush et al ( 106 ) all discuss similar findings with the interaction between the coronavirus pandemic and obesogenic risk factors. Jia ( 104 ) highlights the multifactorial impact of the pandemic on the obesogenic environment in adolescents, including increased sedentary time and dietary changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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A Systematic Review of the Impact of the First Year of COVID-19 on Obesity Risk Factors: A Pandemic Fueling a Pandemic?

Daniels

Burrin

Chan

et al. 2022

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Associated risk factors, including depression, socioeconomic stress, poor diet, and lack of physical activity, have all been impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This systematic review aims to explore the indirect effects of the first year of COVID-19 on obesity and its risk factors. A literature search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 to identify relevant studies pertaining to the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (PROSPERO; CRD42020219433). All English-language studies on weight change and key obesity risk factors (psychosocial and socioeconomic health) during the COVID-19 pandemic were considered for inclusion. Of 805 full-text articles that were reviewed, 87 were included for analysis. The included studies observed increased food and alcohol consumption, increased sedentary time, worsening depressive symptoms, and increased financial stress. Overall, these results suggest that COVID-19 has exacerbated the current risk factors for obesity and is likely to worsen obesity rates in the near future. Future studies, and policy makers, will need to carefully consider their interdependency to develop effective interventions able to mitigate the obesity pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Knebush et al ( 106 ) again noted similar patterns of reduced physical activity, increased screen time, and dietary changes. School closures have had a marked impact on each of these risk factors at critical points in a child's development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Systematic Review of the Impact of the First Year of COVID-19 on Obesity Risk Factors: A Pandemic Fueling a Pandemic?

Daniels

Burrin

Chan

et al. 2022

Current Developments in Nutrition

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“…The model was created to suggest that quite distinct levels of intervention are needed for health policy making, and was eventually published by the Institute for Futures Studies, Sweden in 1991 [ 7 ]. The rest is history, so to say, as described in Dahlgren and Whitehead’s recent commentary [ 33 ], and the rainbow model has been recognised as one of the 50 key achievements in the past 50 years of social science research by the UK’s Economic and Social Research Council [ 34 ].…”

Section: The Past: Development Of Determinants Of Health Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainbow determinants of health models are also commonly encountered in public health research, despite the limitations in their own empirical evidence base discussed above. Examples include supporting the problem formulation stage (for instance, two recent doctoral theses from Sweden [ 69 ] and Norway [ 70 ]); as a logic model in systematic reviews to provide a structure on which to identify different study types and to present their findings [ 33 , 71 ]; and even in semistructured interviews, for instance to explore individual attitudes to the prevention of illness, including agency and where responsibility lies [ 72 ]. These diverse uses illustrate the value of the model for helping expanding perspectives outwards and accounting for different layers of influence on health [ 8 ].…”

Section: The Enduring Relevance Of Rainbow Models In Different Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainbows over the world’s public health: determinants of health models in the past, present, and future

Dyar

Haglund

Melder

et al. 2022

Scand J Public Health

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The need to visualise the complexity of the determinants of population health and their interactions inspired the development of the rainbow model. In this commentary we chronicle how variations of this model have emerged, including the initial models of Haglund and Svanström (1982), Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991), and the Östgöta model (2014), and we illustrate how these models have been influential in both public health and beyond. All these models have strong Nordic connections and are thus an important Nordic contribution to public health. Further, these models have underpinned and facilitated other examples of Nordic leadership in public health, including practical efforts to address health inequalities and design new health policy approaches. Apart from documenting the emergence of rainbow models and their wide range of contemporary uses, we examine a range of criticisms levelled at these models – including limitations in methodological development and in scope. We propose the time is ripe for an updated generic determinants of health model, one that elucidates and preserves the core value in older models, while recognising the developments that have occurred over the past decades in our understanding of the determinants of health. We conclude with an example of a generic model that fulfills the general purposes of a determinants of health model while maintaining the necessary scope for further adjustments to be made in the future, as well as adjustments to location or context-specific purposes, in education, research, health promotion and beyond.

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“…With changes to in‐person school structure, food security, and other social determinants of health, there have been concerns that the COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly exacerbated already high childhood obesity rates and weight‐related behaviours in children. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Yet, there is a scarcity of data from prospectively conducted randomized controlled trials wherein weight is rigorously measured for the primary outcome of the trial. Thus far, studies showing an association between the COVID‐19 pandemic and childhood weight gain have largely been limited by cross‐sectional or retrospective study design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact ofCOVID‐19 on childhood obesity: Data from a paediatric weight management trial

et al. 2022

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Summary There is growing concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is exacerbating childhood obesity. We sought to examine the effects of the pandemic on weight and weight‐related behaviours among children with overweight and obesity participating in an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial of a paediatric practice‐based weight intervention with 2 study arms: nutritionist‐delivered coaching telephone calls over 8 weeks with an accompanying workbook on lifestyle changes versus the same workbook in eight mailings without nutritionist coaching calls. In a pooled, secondary analysis of 373 children in central Massachusetts (aged 8–12 years, 29% Latinx, 55% White, 8% Black), the monthly rate of BMI increase more than doubled for those children whose 6‐month study visit occurred post‐pandemic onset ( n = 91) compared to children whose 6‐month study visit occurred pre‐pandemic onset ( n = 282) (0.13 kg/m 2 versus 0.05 kg/m 2 ; ratio = 2.47, p = 0.02). The post‐pandemic onset group also had a significant decrease in activity levels ( β −8.18 MVPA minutes/day, p = 0.01). Caloric intake and screen time did not differ between the pre‐ and post‐pandemic onset groups. These findings show that after the start of the pandemic, children with overweight and obesity experienced an increase in weight and decrease in activity levels. This data can inform public health strategies to address pandemic‐related effects on childhood obesity.

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Effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the policy response on childhood obesity risk factors: Gender and sex differences and recommendations for research

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

A Systematic Review of the Impact of the First Year of COVID-19 on Obesity Risk Factors: A Pandemic Fueling a Pandemic?

A Systematic Review of the Impact of the First Year of COVID-19 on Obesity Risk Factors: A Pandemic Fueling a Pandemic?

Rainbows over the world’s public health: determinants of health models in the past, present, and future

Impact ofCOVID‐19 on childhood obesity: Data from a paediatric weight management trial

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