The conductive fabrics are widely used in smart protective textile, specifically to shield millimeter wavelength radiations. In this context, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have gained enormous interest in the recent past due to their myriad applications in the field of textile specifically because of their tunable conductivity, lightweight, ease of coating etc. Numerous research studies have been focused to develop electromagnetic (EM) shielding fabric using ICPs and various functional conducting, magnetic and dielectric nanoparticles. The objective of this review article is to highlight the state‐of‐the‐art literature and recent developments in this field involving surface modification of textile fabrics using physical/chemical methods targeted towards EM shielding application. Furthermore, this review also provides useful insight in the shielding mechanism and diverse processes to design and develop smart EM shielded flexible fabrics as protective textiles.