Effects of the hippocampus on the motor expression of augmented breaths

Ajayi, Itopa E.; Mills, Paul C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183619

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Microinjection of DLH into CA1 suppresses augmented breaths for several minutes, 26 as we report here for KA. However, the DLH study does not report the subsequent longlasting increase in frequency of augmented breaths found in our experiments.…”

Section: Respirationsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Augmented breaths (sighs) comprise prolonged inspiration and increased tidal volume followed by a respiratory pause and several seconds of faster breathing (Figure 3). 26 For quantification, we define an augmented breath as an excursion of the nasal air temperature signal ≥2× baseline amplitude. Before KA injection, augmented breaths are infrequent: 30% of rats make none; incidence in the remainder is 0.34 ± 0.21 minute −1 .…”

Section: Augmented Breathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brainstem activity, apnea, and death during seizures induced by intrahippocampal kainic acid in anaesthetized rats

et al. 2019

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Objective: To investigate how prolonged seizure activity affects cardiorespiratory function and activity of pre-Bötzinger complex, leading to sudden death. Methods: Urethane-anesthetized female Long-Evans rats were implanted with nasal thermocouple; venous and arterial cannulae; and electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG) and hippocampal, cortical, and brainstem recording. Kainic acid injection into the ventral hippocampus induced status epilepticus. Results: Seizures caused hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea punctuated by recurrent transient apneas. Salivation increased considerably: in 11 of 12 rats, liquid with alkaline pH consistent with saliva was expelled from the mouth. Most transient apneas were obstructive: nasal airflow ceased, while, in 83%, efforts to breathe persisted as continued rhythmic activity of respiratory pre-Bötzinger neurons, inspiratory electromyography (EMG), and excursions of the chest wall and abdomen. Blood pressure oscillated in time with respiratory efforts. This pattern also occurred in a minority of cases (16%) of incomplete apnea, but not in rare cases (1%) of transient central apneas. During transient obstructive apneas, the frequency of all inspiratory efforts decreased abruptly by ~30%, suggesting a resetting of the central respiratory rhythm generator. Twenty-two of thirty-one rats died, due either to obstructive apnea (12) or central apnea following progressive slowing of respiration (10). Most rats dying of central apnea had experienced several transient obstructive apneas.Negative DC field potential shifts of the brainstem followed the final breath, consistent with previous reports on spreading depolarization in mouse models. Timing suggests that the DC shift is a consequence rather than cause of respiratory collapse.Cardiac activity continued for tens of seconds. Significance: Seizure activity in forebrain induces pronounced autonomic activation and disrupts activity in medullary respiratory centers, resulting in death from either obstructive or central apnea. These results directly inform mechanisms of death in status epilepticus, and indirectly provide clues to mechanisms of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). K E Y W O R D SHeart rate, obstructive apnea, status epilepticus, SUDEP | 2347 JEFFERYS Et al.

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Section: Respirationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Augmented Breathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem activity, apnea, and death during seizures induced by intrahippocampal kainic acid in anaesthetized rats

et al. 2019

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“…Practicing regular long lasting in-and expirations is an ongoing part of every Yoga lesson. The effect of augmented breaths [112] as well as effects of Yoga breathing practices [68] has shown to be associated with changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Breath frequency and indurance are found to be strongly influenced by negative and positive emotions [110,113].…”

Section: -Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breath frequency and indurance are found to be strongly influenced by negative and positive emotions [110,113]. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that the breathing element in Hatha Yoga practice represents an important role for the effect on the hippocampus by influencing circuits between neurons of the ventral hippocampus and brainstem nuclei [112].…”

Section: -Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compamentioning

confidence: 99%

10-Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compared to Active and Passive Control Groups: A Controlled Structural cMRI Study

Garner¹,

Reith²,

Krick³

2019

J Neuroimaging Psychiatry Neurol

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Background:The current study was designed to evaluate potential Yoga specific changes of brain structure in comparison with an active sport group and a passive control group. Materials and Methods:We conducted a longitudinal structural MRI study to investigate changes in gray matter (GM) density following a Yoga intervention. In order to check the repeatability of the results two data acquisition periods (cohorts) with the same study design were done. Yoga naive subjects (n = 19/n = 20) received a Yoga intervention once a week for 75 minutes over a period of 10 weeks. Control groups included active sport subjects (n = 10/n = 22) and passive subjects (n = 17/n = 14). All participants could choose their group assignment by their own preference. A longitudinal and group comparison was done by voxelbased-morphometric analyses before and after the intervention. In addition, blood pressure was taken before and after the study period as a controlling instrument. Finally, the results of the two cohorts were reported into a comprising data set for a general conclusion on Yoga effects. Results:Initially, hippocampal GM density in the Yoga group was significantly lower than in both control groups already before the intervention. It was equally and independently present in both cohorts. The longitudinal MRI measurements showed a significant increase in the right hippocampal GM density as a specific effect of the Hatha Yoga intervention. Coincidentally, the blood pressure measurement detected a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the Yoga group but not in the sport or passive group. Conclusions:Various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as long lasting stress lead to structural shrinkage of the hippocampal GM. In contrast, stress reduction was shown to be associated with an increase in the hippocampal GM density. The Yoga specific effect in this study can be considered as positive impact on both stress management and its underlying neural structure. These effects have been already proven in prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. The Yoga-induced stress reduction can be furthermore supported by the findings of blood pressure reduction. Blood pressure is well known as an indirect indicator for stress reduction. Since the GM density was detected lower in the two Yoga cohorts twice compared to both control groups, one may postulate a pre-existing but unconscious higher stress vulnerability when voluntarily deciding for the Yoga intervention.

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“…With this notice, the authors provide an updated Data Availability Statement and underlying data supporting the results in this article [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction: Effects of the hippocampus on the motor expression of augmented breaths

Ajayi¹,

Mills²

2019

PLoS ONE

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Effects of the hippocampus on the motor expression of augmented breaths

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Brainstem activity, apnea, and death during seizures induced by intrahippocampal kainic acid in anaesthetized rats

Brainstem activity, apnea, and death during seizures induced by intrahippocampal kainic acid in anaesthetized rats

10-Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compared to Active and Passive Control Groups: A Controlled Structural cMRI Study

Correction: Effects of the hippocampus on the motor expression of augmented breaths

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