Effects of the microstructure and porosity on properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM)

Galarraga, Haize; Lados, Diana A.; Dehoff, Ryan R.; Kirka, Michael M.; Nandwana, Peeyush

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2016.02.003

Cited by 201 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Further detail on the EBM process has previously been published in the literature. [13][14][15] The microstructure presented in Fig. 1c displays the plane perpendicular to the build direction and represents the grain structure upon which the SP load is initially exerted.…”

Section: Experimental Methods Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the small punch tensile behaviour of an aerospace alloy

Lancaster

Illsley

Davies

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Technology

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The small punch (SP) test is a widely accepted methodology for obtaining mechanical property information from limited material quantities. Much research has presented the creep, tensile and fracture responses of numerous materials gathered from small-scale testing approaches. This is of particular interest for alloy down selection of next-generation materials and in situ mechanical assessments. However, to truly understand the evolution of deformation of the miniature disc specimen, an accurate and detailed understanding of the progressive damage is necessary. This paper will utilise the SP test to assess the tensile properties of several Ti-6Al-4V materials across different temperature regimes. Fractographic investigations will establish the contrasting damage mechanisms and finite element modelling through DEFORM software is employed to characterise specimen deformation.

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Section: Experimental Methods Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the small punch tensile behaviour of an aerospace alloy

Lancaster

Illsley

Davies

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Printing parameters for Ti6Al-4V samples are shown in Table 1 below. Similar AM printing procedures can be seen in [14][15][16].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing-ornl Mdf 3dmentioning

confidence: 65%

Porosity detection in electron beam-melted Ti-6Al-4V using high-resolution neutron imaging and grating-based interferometry

Brooks

Kirka

et al. 2017

Prog Addit Manuf

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A high-resolution neutron tomography system and a grating-based interferometer are used to explore electron beam-melted titanium test objects. The high-resolution neutron tomography system (attenuation-based imaging) has a pixel size of 6.4 lm, appropriate for detecting voids near 25 lm over a (1.5 cm) 3 volume. The neutron interferometer provides dark-field (small-angle scattering) images with a pixel size of 30 lm. Moreover, the interferometer can be tuned to a scattering length, in this case, 1.97 lm, with a field-of-view of (6 cm) 3 . The combination of high-resolution imaging with grating-based interferometry provides a way for nondestructive testing of defective titanium samples. A chimney-like pore structure was discovered in the attenuation and dark-field images along one face of an electron beam-melted (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V cube. Tomographic reconstructions of the titanium samples are utilized as a source for a binary volume and for skeletonization of the pores. The dark-field volume shows features with dimensions near and smaller than the interferometer auto-correlation scattering length.

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“…There are continuing efforts to optimise process parameters to minimise microstructural heterogeneity, such as in-situ optimisation of Ti-6Al-4 V by Table 4 Common internal defects observed in AM parts linked to reduced fatigue strength. Images with publisher's permission from [225,226].…”

Section: Heterogeneous Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, industrial, and research perspectives on powder bed fusion additively manufactured metal implants

Lowther

Louth

Davey

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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A B S T R A C TFor over ten years, metallic skeletal endoprostheses have been produced in select cases by additive manufacturing (AM) and increasing awareness is driving demand for wider access to the technology. This review brings together key stakeholder perspectives on the translation of AM research; clinical application, ongoing research in the field of powder bed fusion, and the current regulatory framework. The current clinical use of AM is assessed, both on a mass-manufactured scale and bespoke application for patient specific implants. To illuminate the benefits to clinicians, a case study on the provision of custom cranioplasty is provided based on prosthetist testimony. Current progress in research is discussed, with immediate gains to be made through increased design freedom described at both meso-and macro-scale, as well as long-term goals in alloy development including bioactive materials. In all cases, focus is given to specific clinical challenges such as stress shielding and osseointegration. Outstanding challenges in industrialisation of AM are openly raised, with possible solutions assessed. Finally, overarching context is given with a review of the regulatory framework involved in translating AM implants, with particular emphasis placed on customisation within an orthopaedic remit. A viable future for AM of metal implants is presented, and it is suggested that continuing collaboration between all stakeholders will enable acceleration of the translation process. fection or surgical complications [11][12][13].Currently, the majority of skeletal endoprostheses are produced from titanium (Ti) or cobalt chromium (CoCr) based alloys, which meet the criteria of durability, strength, corrosion resistance and a low immune response [14,15]. These characteristics however come at the cost of the high stiffness of these alloys in comparison to bone. Mismatch between the mechanical properties of bone and orthopaedic materials

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Effects of the microstructure and porosity on properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM)

Cited by 201 publications

References 27 publications

Modelling the small punch tensile behaviour of an aerospace alloy

Modelling the small punch tensile behaviour of an aerospace alloy

Porosity detection in electron beam-melted Ti-6Al-4V using high-resolution neutron imaging and grating-based interferometry

Clinical, industrial, and research perspectives on powder bed fusion additively manufactured metal implants

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