Effects of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on the hemocytes of Galleria mellonella

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of deltamethrin on cell-mediated immune response and genotoxic damage of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were investigated. Different concentrations of deltamethrin (5, 20, 50, 100, and 150 µg) were administered to G. mellonella at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Five types of hemocytes were identified in G. mellonella: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, and oenocytes. Total hemocyte counts (THCs) were significantly affected by deltamethrin. At 72 h, THCs of the treated group had significantly decreased compared with the control groups at high deltamethrin concentrations (50, 100, and 150 µg); however, at 96 h, THCs had significantly increased at deltamethrin concentrations of 100 and 150 µg. Micronucleus formation was significantly affected by deltamethrin; in particular, high concentrations of deltamethrin (100 and 150 µg) caused an increase in micronucleus formation at all time points. We conclude that deltamethrin affected THCs and caused the induction of micronucleus formation via genotoxic damage in G. mellonella.

Boric acid‐induced immunotoxicity and genotoxicity in model insectGalleria mellonellaL. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Arguably, the observed suppression of cell viability in our study is a viable explanation for the decrement in the circulating THC in G. mellonella larvae. Consistent with our findings, recent studies about the effects of several insecticides on the hemocyte numbers of G. mellonella larvae have reported similar findings (Coates et al, 2018;Er et al, 2017;Kurt & Kayis, 2015;Yücel & Kayis, 2018).…”

“…Arguably, the observed suppression of cell viability in our study is a viable explanation for the decrement in the circulating THC in G. mellonella larvae. Consistent with our findings, recent studies about the effects of several insecticides on the hemocyte numbers of G. mellonella larvae have reported similar findings (Coates et al, ; Er et al, ; Kurt & Kayis, ; Yücel & Kayis, 2018). Interestingly, despite the observed decrease in THC, no significant change in hemocyte mitotic indices were observed following BA administration in this study, although, studies in literature reported that boron inhibited cell proliferation by inhibition of mitosis (Fail et al, ; Ying et al, ).…”

Consequences of larval competition and exposure to permethrin for the development of the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

“…Alternatively, the observed effects may be due to an indirect effect of the insecticide on mosquito physiology and immunity. Insecticides can affect insect immunity in several ways (reviewed in [55]), including effects on the number of hemocytes [56], on the activity of immune enzymes [57,58], on the melanisation and antibacterial responses [5] and on oxidative stress. Indeed, pyrethroid insecticides are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in exposed organisms [3,4,59], and ROS are a common immune defense against many pathogens [60], including Plasmodium [61][62][63].…”

Susceptibility of Chilo partellus Swinhoe, 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to some commonly used insecticides

“…The effect of insecticides on the first instar larvae revealed that the first instar larvae were very susceptible to many insecticides. Emamectin-benzoate, pyrethroids and spinosad are known to adversely affect larval stages of lepidopterans such as O. nubilalis, S. nonagrioides, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), P. xylostella (Pineda et al, 2004;Boiteau & Noronha 2007;Kurt & Kayis, 2014;Mahmoudvan et al, 2014) including C. partellus (Tanwar et al, 2017;Kumar & Alam, 2017). Intoxication of the larvae possibly came from contamination from the leaves as they moved around and during feeding.…”