Effects of the solubility of yeast cell wall preparations on their potential prebiotic properties in dogs

Abstract

Derivatives of yeast cell wall (YCW) have been studied for their potential prebiotic effects. Recently, new purified and soluble preparations have been developed in an attempt to increase their biological actions. Two YCW preparations, one conventional and another with higher solubility of the mannan oligosaccharide fraction, were evaluated on dogs. One food formulation was used, divided into the following treatments: CON–control, without yeast cell wall addition; YCW–addition of 0.3% of a conventional yeas cell wall extract; YCWs–addition of 0.3% of a yeast cell wall extract with high mannan oligosaccharide solubility. Twenty-four beagle dogs were used, eight per food, distributed on a block design. Blocks lasted 32 days, and TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peripheral neutrophils and monocytes, phagocytic index, and fecal IgA were evaluated at the beginning and end of each period. Additionally, nutrient digestibility, feces production and quality, and fermentation products were quantified. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P<0.05), using the basal immunological parameters as a covariate. The inclusion of YCWs reduced fat digestibility (P<0.05), increased the concentration of butyrate and putrescine, and reduced lactate in feces (P<0.05), showing that mannan oligosaccharide solubilization resulted in higher fermentation of this compound and altered the metabolism of the gut microbiota. Lower IL-6 on serum was verified for dogs fed the YCWs diet (P<0.05), suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory activity of dogs. Higher phagocytic index was verified for peripheral monocytes after the intake of the YCW food, suggesting better innate immunity. In conclusion, the solubilization of the mannooligosaccharide fraction alters its interaction with gut microbiota and biological actions in animals, although both yeast cell wall preparations exhibited prebiotic effects on dogs.

Duration of Prebiotic Intake Is a Key-Factor for Diet-Induced Modulation of Immunity and Fecal Fermentation Products in Dogs

“…However, other studies that have used higher levels of prebiotics (from 1 to 3 g/day and 15 g/kg of diet) showed an increase in SCFA concentrations [23,28,32] and the higher concentration of the prebiotic may have an impact on a different result. The unchanged concentration of BCFA was expected, since most studies have found no effect for this variable [11][12][13]18,19,21,26,27,29,33,64].…”

“…Most studies (39% of 23 studies) with prebiotic interventions used a shorter period, on average 14 days [7,[10][11][12][13][14][18][19][20] with few benefits that would justify its inclusion. On the other hand, 26% of the studies evaluated different prebiotics for an average of 24 days [21][22][23][24][25][26] and 13% evaluated for 33 days on average [27][28][29]. About 13% evaluated the long-term effects during 220 days on average [30][31][32].…”

Seaweed Supplementation Failed to Affect Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome as Well as Fecal IgA and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Adult Dogs

“…Consequently, higher fecal IgA after a prebiotic supplementation may be interpreted as an enhancement effect of beneficial bacteria and their products on the intestinal immune system [ 58 ]. Accordingly, previous studies investigating prebiotics [ 59 ] and probiotics [ 60 ] in dogs showed an improvement of intestinal IgA excretion, although the literature offers conflicting results in this regard [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In the present study, an increase in fecal IgA would have been explained as an expression of immune stimulatory activity exerted by seaweed supplementation, similar to previous studies in other animal species, albeit other immunological parameters such as tumor necrosis factor or interleukins have been investigated more often in this context [ 18 , 43 ].…”

Effects of thermal energy on extrusion characteristics, digestibility and palatability of a dry pet food for cats

“…Higher butyrate may result in better nutrient and energy supply to colonocytes, allowing better development of the intestinal mucosal barrier and histological structure (Peixoto et al, 2018; Topping & Clifton, 2001). Butyrate may also reduce inflammation and increase local and systemic immunity in animals (Ashwar et al, 2016; Bird et al, 2007; Birt et al, 2013; Maria et al, 2017; Theodoro et al, 2019; Zaman & Sarbini, 2015), aspects that can also be explored in cats. So, considering the effects on butyrate levels, in terms of potential implications for gut health, moderate starch gelatinization reducing the energy application to mass might be interesting and further investigated to better substantiate the processing parameters defined for pet foods.…”