Effects of three chemicals on the survival and reproduction of the oligochaete worm Enchytraeus coronatus in chronic toxicity tests

Arrate, Jesús Angel; Rodríguez, Pilar

doi:10.1078/0031-4056-00120

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The reproductive output was also significantly impacted due to exposure to 4· of carbendazim (p \ 0.05), dimethoate (p \ 0.05), and to the mixture of the three pesticides (p \ 0.01) ( Table 2). In addition, Arrate et al (2002) found that carbendazim caused a reduction in the number of juveniles per adult of the worm Enchytraeus coronatus. Furthermore, Holmstrup and Martin (2000) also found a drastic decrease in the reproductive rates of two earthworm species, Aporretodea longa and A. rosea, in relation to the amount of benomyl in the grassland ecosystem.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pesticides on the Reproductive Output of Eisenia fetida

Yasmin

D’Souza

2007

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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We investigated the effects of three different pesticides (carbendazim, dimethoate, and glyphosate) and their mixture on the growth and reproduction of the earthworm species, Eisenia fetida. The study was conducted following the suggestion of the International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. The results showed that the pesticide treatment had a marked negative impact on the growth and reproduction of earthworms. Carbendazim and dimethoate were found to cause greater harm to the selected earthworm species than glyphosate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pesticides on the Reproductive Output of Eisenia fetida

Yasmin

D’Souza

2007

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Arrate et al (2002) exposed Enchytraeus coronatus to 4-nitrophenol, Derosal (a.i. carbendazim) and potassium dichromate in a chronic agar test and measured adult survival and the number of cocoons produced per adult after a 2-week exposure, and the number of juveniles produced over 4 weeks.…”

Section: Chronic Freshwater Water-only Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and Laboratory Studies

Rodríguez

Reynoldson

2011

The Pollution Biology of Aquatic Oligochaetes

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This chapter provides a chronological synthesis of the available literature and information on laboratory based studies of aquatic oligochaetes and has been organized into water-only vs. sediment toxicity tests, and acute vs. chronic toxicity tests. Toxicological studies have employed relatively few species. Absence of sediment in tests with aquatic oligochaetes is a source of stress and reduces realism in exposure conditions and most current toxicity work is performed in the presence of sediment. Thus, unless there is a requirement for water-only tests, for interspecies comparison of toxicity of chemical compounds, or for routine control of species sensitivity in laboratory cultures, these tests are considered inappropriate for oligochaete worms in ecological risk assessment. Field populations of several species have been demonstrated to vary genetically, and may have different tolerances to both environmental and anthropogenic stress. This suggests that test organisms should be obtained from cultures of a defined genetic strain, or alternatively the sensitivity of the populations should be intercalibrated with reference toxicants. Oligochaete worms are not uniformly more tolerant to contaminants than other test organisms. Comparative data for worms and other benthic invertebrates show that responses are species-specific and also contaminant-specific. Among the sublethal measurements, sexual reproduction seems to be the most easily standardised and informative endpoint, and has high ecological relevance, since reproductive impairment has the same long-term effect as mortality on the population. Sublethal, shortterm responses such as behavioural responses (avoidance behaviour, sediment reworking and sediment borrowing) need further standardization. In the future, in situ bioassays are promising tools in environmental risk assessment but will require the use of species characteristic of particular habitats or that are suitable for reproduction and toxicity assessment under different environmental conditions.

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“…The latter two solutes are isomers differing only in the relative positioning of the two methyl groups on the aromatic ring. Nitrophenols are widely encountered in nature and have also been associated with phytotoxicity and reduced reproductive rates in simple organisms. , Given the potential harmful effects of these species, models used to estimate steady-state concentrations and to identify resevoirs where nitrophenols can accumulate require accurate information about analyte partitioning. Complementing the experimental studies are a series of high-level, ab initio calculations intended to identify those contributions to overall solvation energies (and differences in solvation energies) that are responsible for solute partitioning between aqueous and alkane phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvation of Nitrophenol Isomers: Consequences for Solute Electronic Structure and Alkane/Water Partitioning

et al. 2008

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Solute partitioning across a variety of alkane/aqueous interfaces was examined as a function of solute and alkane solvent structure. Solutes include p-nitrophenol (PNP), 3,5-dimethyl-p-nitrophenol (3,5-DMPNP), and 2,6-dimethyl-p-nitrophenol (2,6-DMPNP), the latter two being isomers distinguished solely by the location of methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. The alkane solvents included cylohexane, methylcyclohexane, octane, and iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane). PNP partitioned preferentially into the water by factors as high as 160:1. The dimethyl isomers partitioned more equally between water and the different alkanes. 2,6-DMPNP showed a 3-fold greater affinity for the alkane phase than 3,5-DMPNP. Ab initio calculations were used to characterize the molecular and electronic structure of the three solutes and to quantify individual contributions to each solute's solvation energy in model aqueous and alkane phases. Differences between 2,6-DMPNP and 3,5-DMPNP partitioning are interpreted based on the ability of the methyl groups in 2,6-DMPNP to weaken hydrogen bonding between the phenol group and adjacent water molecules. This diminished solvation interaction reduces the barrier to solute migration into the nonpolar organic phase despite the fact that 2,6-DMPNP has a larger (calculated) permanent, ground-state dipole than 3,5-DMPNP.

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Effects of three chemicals on the survival and reproduction of the oligochaete worm Enchytraeus coronatus in chronic toxicity tests

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Pesticides on the Reproductive Output of Eisenia fetida

Effect of Pesticides on the Reproductive Output of Eisenia fetida

Toxicology and Laboratory Studies

Solvation of Nitrophenol Isomers: Consequences for Solute Electronic Structure and Alkane/Water Partitioning

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