Effects of Tillage and Crop Residue Application on Soybean Nitrogen Fixation in a Tropical Ferralsol

Kihara, Job; Martius, Christopher; Bationo, A.; Vlek, Paul L. G.

doi:10.3390/agriculture1010022

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The study findings are supported by [9] who demonstrated the contribution of soybean litter to soil N buildup. The findings are further in agreement with the findings of [27] who reported an increase in NO 3 -N with residues incorporated and N application at 40 kg ha -1 .…”

Section: Accumulation Of Soil No 3 -N As Influenced By Soybean Residusupporting

confidence: 78%

“…For example, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum,) were found to contribute 204 kg ha -1 and 163 kg ha -1 respectively [8]. Other researchers [9] showed that soybean litter fall over the growing period of the crop contributed 8.2 to 11.8 kg N ha -1 from N fixation while residues returned to the field after harvest had total N content of up to 30 kg N ha -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Soybean Residue Management on Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation and Subsequent Sorghum Yield in Kanhaplic Haplustults of Western Kenya

Kebeney¹,

Semoka

Msanya

et al. 2017

JAERI

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Crop residues are overlooked when making fertilizer recommendations, yet have potential to contribute to soil nitrogen in addition to mineral fertilizer use. A study was carried out in western Kenya to establish the contribution of soybean residues under varied management options and nitrogen fertilizer rates on nitrogen supply to subsequent sorghum crop. Six soybean residue management options were evaluated; sole sorghum, sorghum + soybean left to maturity, sorghum + soybean mulched, sorghum + soybean incorporated, sorghum + soybean exsitu and sorghum + soybean exsitu and plot tilled. Three levels of nitrogen (0 kg N ha -1 , 40 kg N ha -1 , and 80 kg N ha -1 ) as urea were applied as top-dress and treatments arranged in randomized complete block design. Soybean left to maturity at 40 kg N ha -1 indicated significant (P < 0.001) increase (56%) in soil NO 3 - Kebeney et al.; JAERI, 13(3): 1-12, 2017; Article no.JAERI.36777 2 N. Removal of soybean residues resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) lower soil NO 3 -N increase while control treatment and sole sorghum indicated the lowest soil NO 3 -N accumulation irrespective of nitrogen fertilizer rates. Soybean left to maturity indicated significant (P < 0.001) increase (43%) in leaf NO 3 -N accumulation at 40 kg N ha -1 while treatments with soybean residues mulched showed 39% increase and those with residues incorporated, 25% increase. Soybean residues exsitu and ex-situ and till indicated a decrease (-6% and -7%) in leaf NO 3 -N accumulation, respectively. Sole sorghum had a uniform NO 3 -N increase of 4% irrespective of nitrogen fertilizer rates. It was observed that insitu soybean residues and nitrogen fertilizer application had no significant (P < 0.05) influence on sorghum yield. In conclusion, soil and leaf NO 3 -N accumulation by soybean residues in addition to nitrogen fertilizer does not translate to optimum nor potential research sorghum yields. There is need to research on sulphur and nitrogen to establish their interactive effects on sorghum yields. Original Research ArticleKeywords: Soybean residue management options; nitrogen fertilizer rates; nitrate accumulation and build up; subsequent sorghum yields.

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Section: Accumulation Of Soil No 3 -N As Influenced By Soybean Residusupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soybean Residue Management on Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation and Subsequent Sorghum Yield in Kanhaplic Haplustults of Western Kenya

Kebeney¹,

Semoka

Msanya

et al. 2017

JAERI

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“…Under conventional tillage, the plots were prepared by hand hoeing to approximately 15 cm soil depth, mimicking practices used by smallholder farmers in this region (Kihara et al 2011). Weeding was performed by hand hoe to 8 cm depth thrice per season.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

et al. 2017

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Background & aim A potential benefit of conservation agriculture (CA) is soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, yet recent studies indicate limited or no i m p a c t o f C A o n t o t a l S O C i n tr o p i c a l agroecosystems. We evaluated biochemical indicators of soil C cycling after 9 years (18 seasons) of contrasting tillage with and without maize residue retention in western Kenya. Methods Potential activities of C-cycling enzymes (β-glucosidase, GLU; β-galactosidase, GAL; glucosaminidase, GLM; cellobiohydrolase, CEL), permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC), and soil organic matter (SOM) composition (by infrared spectroscopy) were measured.Results POXC tended to be greater under reduced tillage and residue retention, but did not significantly differ among treatments (≤ 2% of SOC). Despite no significant differences in SOC concentrations or stocks, activities of all 4 C-cycling enzymes responded strongly to tillage, and to a lesser extent to residue management. Activities of GLU, GAL, and GLM were greatest under the combination of reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments. Reduced tillage produced an enrichment in carboxyl C = O (+6%) and decreased polysaccharide C-O (−3.5%) relative to conventional tillage irrespective of residue management. Conclusions Though enzyme activities and POXC are typically associated with SOC accrual, changes in soil C cycling at this site have not translated into significant differences in SOC after 9 years. Elevated enzyme activities may have offset potential SOC accumulation under CA. However, the ratio of C-cycling enzyme activities to SOC was higher under reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments, indicating that stoichiometric scaling of SOC and enzyme activities does not explain absence of significant differences in SOC among tillage and residue managements. Potential factors that may explain the low SOC accrual rates in this tropical agroecosystem included the low, albeit realistic, levels of residue retention, nutrient limitations, and high temperatures favoring decomposition.

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“…Previous studies have found a promotion of nodulation under no-tillage systems and that there was a close positive relationship between nodule number and the N-content of roots within conservation tillage systems (Hughes and Herridge, 1989;Sidiras et al, 1999;Kihara et al, 2011;Ló pez-Bellido et al, 2011). Tillage system in the current case study had no effect on nodule number but did significantly influence nodule surface area (a surrogate for overall nodule size).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…These factors include: soil temperature; water availability; soil acidity; soil salinity; intercropping; crop rotation; fertilization regime; inoculation practices; and tillage practices (Sprent, 1972;Hungria and Vargas, 2000;van Kessel and Hartley, 2000;ElAkhal et al, 2013). Reduced tillage and cover crops prior to a legume crop often increase nodulation, as is the case for soybean nodulation (Hughes and Herridge, 1989) and rates of N fixation (Kihara et al, 2011) for this crop. Increased N fixation has also been noted under reduced tillage for chickpea and faba bean (Vicia faba L.; Ló pez-Bellido et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Visualization of Peanut Nodules and Seasonal Nodulation Pattern in Different Tillage Systems Using a Minirhizotron System

et al. 2015

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Nodulation is essential for providing the nitrogen (N) needs of peanut, but little is known about the time course of nodule development with soil depth in a field production system. A minirhizotron system allows for non-destructive, periodic digital imaging of identical locations in the crop root system in situ, including the associated nodules. Because the system allows imaging at the same location over time, individual nodule development and subsequent senescence can be followed throughout the growing season. To test the proof of concept for the use of a minirhizotron system to observe peanut nodule development, a case study was conducted in 2012 in Citra, FL in a sod-based production system managed with both conservation and conventional tillage at two different timings. Images were taken to a soil depth of 90 cm on four dates during the growing season, and nodule number, surface area, and senescence were determined. Most nodules occurred at depths spanning 5-30 cm with very few outside of this range; however, individual nodules were noted as deep as 90 cm. In this case study, tillage operation and timing had no impact on the total number of nodules produced, and the peak seasonal nodule number was formed relatively early in the season (9 July -61 days after planting) and stayed constant until harvest. Nodule number varied by soil depth with the majority of nodules formed in the 0-20 cm depth. Nodule surface area was impacted by tillage type with conservation tillage treatments having larger nodule size (average 2.6 mm 2 ) than nodules in conventional tillage (1.9 mm 2 ). Maximum nodule surface area was achieved by midseason on 1 August. This study gave a unique visual assessment of nodule development for field grown peanut over time and provided data that has rarely been reported. In addition, this study also illustrated that the minirhizotron technique could be successfully utilized in studies examining the development of nodules in peanut and would likely be applicable for similar studies in other legume crops.The nitrogen fixation process in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is essential for providing nitrogen (N) for the crop throughout the season, as it delivers from 50-80% of the total N required by the plant (Boddey et al., 1990)

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Effects of Tillage and Crop Residue Application on Soybean Nitrogen Fixation in a Tropical Ferralsol

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Influence of Soybean Residue Management on Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation and Subsequent Sorghum Yield in Kanhaplic Haplustults of Western Kenya

Influence of Soybean Residue Management on Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation and Subsequent Sorghum Yield in Kanhaplic Haplustults of Western Kenya

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

Visualization of Peanut Nodules and Seasonal Nodulation Pattern in Different Tillage Systems Using a Minirhizotron System

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