Effects of titanium dioxide microparticles and nanoparticles on cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in human gingival fibroblasts in the presence of lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Background and objective: Titanium wear particles may participate in the etiology of peri-implantitis. However, the influence of titanium wear particles on biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in the presence of LPS is still not clear.The present study demonstrated the effects of titanium dioxide micro-and nanoparticles (TiO 2 MPs and NPs) on HGF cell viability, cytoskeletal organization, adhesion, migration, and proliferation in vitro, and LPS was used to mimic the in vivo condition.Methods: Primary HGFs were treated with TiO 2 MPs (primary particle size <5 μm, 0.1 mg/ml) and NPs (primary particle size <100 nm, 0.1 mg/ml) with or without 1 μg/ ml LPS. The effects of TiO 2 MPs and NPs on HGFs cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The proliferation of HGF was detected by Ki67 nuclear staining. The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to detect the internalization of TiO 2 MPs and NPs in HGFs as well as the arrangement of F-actin, vinculin, and vimentin organization. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to measure the migration of HGFs induced by TiO 2 MPs and NPs. Cell adhesion was measured using fibronectin-coated plates. The relative mRNA and protein expression of adhesion relative protein such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fibronectin (FN), and type I collagen (COL1) were measured using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test were used to analyze the statistical significance, and p < .05 was considered statistically significant.Results: TiO 2 NPs significantly inhibited HGF cell viability, proliferation, and migration compared with TiO 2 MPs group and control group. Compared with control group (2.64 ± 0.09), the mean absorbance of the cells in 1 mg/ml TiO 2 MPs group and 0.25 mg/ml TiO 2 NPs group were significantly decreased to 1.93 ± 0.33 (p < .05) and 2.22 ± 0.18 (p < .01), respectively. The cytoskeleton disruption was found in TiO 2 NPs group. The mRNA and protein expression were significantly downregulated by TiO 2 NPs. Furthermore, both TiO 2 NPs and MPs induced more adverse effects on HGFs in the presence of LPS.

In-vitro and in-vivo wound healing studies of Ag@TiO2NRs/GG hydrogel film for skin tissue regeneration

“…The elongated shape of Ag@TiO 2 NRs on GG hydrogel film improved cell adhesion, which aided cell proliferation [48,49]. Researchers have widely reported TiO 2 's beneficial effect on cellular functions such as cell adhesion and proliferation [50,51]. In addition, it is commonly known that TiO 2 nanomaterials, including TiO 2 nanorods, are biologically inert and nontoxic to both human and animal cells [52,53].…”

Construction and In Vitro Evaluation of Collagen/Bioactive Glass Composite Membranes as a Corneal Implant

“…The actin-binding protein vinculin is vital in regulating cell adhesion and is a reliable indicator of this process. − Figure C shows the images of the immunofluorescence staining results, and Figure D shows the results of the fluorescence quantification of vinculin. The results showed that the cells exhibited a more spread morphology and stronger expression of actin stress fibers on the Col-5BG and Col-7BG membranes, which also had a higher vinculin expression.…”

Single‐cell sequencing identifies inflammation‐promoting fibroblast–neutrophil interaction in peri‐implantitis

“…The discrepancies in inflammation marker gene expression levels mentioned above between periodontitis and peri-implantitis fibroblasts might be explained by the lack of attachment apparatus around dental implants. Second, the presence of titanium wear particles might be another reason (Li et al, 2022). (fibro_2)-CXCR2 (neutro_CXCR2).…”