Effects of Total Dissolved Gas on Chum Salmon Fry Incubating in the Lower Columbia River

Arntzen, Evan; Hand, Kristine D.; Geist, David R.; Murray, Kate E.; Panther, Jenny; Cullinan, Valerie I.; Dawley, Earl M.; Elston, Robert

doi:10.2172/926109

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Therefore, if the appropriate temperatures to use in a model of emergence could be determined, the prediction of when the fish will emerge would be fairly straightforward. However, our research over the past several years in the Ives Island area suggests a large difference between river temperature and the temperature at the locations where chum salmon eggs/embryos are placed (Arntzen et al 2008a(Arntzen et al , 2009b. In the Ives Island area, there can be significant variations in riverbed temperature within a fairly small area, and this variation in temperature is a function of the spatial heterogeneity of riverbed sediments, groundwater inputs, and tailwater fluctuations (Geist et al 2002Arntzen et al 2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The state water quality standard used to provide protection for preemergent chum salmon rearing in the gravel has been to limit TDG to 105% after allowing for depth compensation, i.e., TDG in the river could be as high as 115% assuming three feet of water depth over the redds (NOAA 1995). The results of a 3-year study conducted from 2006 through 2008 suggested that if water depth over redds in the Ives Island area remained greater than 3 feet deep, then depth compensated TDG remained below 105% (Arntzen et al , 2008a(Arntzen et al , 2009b. However, there were times during the study when adequate depth compensation was not always provided, especially to redds spawned at relatively high riverbed elevations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between ATUs and emergence of salmonids is well documented (Piper et al 1989). Specific to chum salmon, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has conducted 2 years of laboratory studies with chum salmon in which researchers documented the range of emergence and the ATU values that corresponded to this range of emergence (Arntzen et al 2008a(Arntzen et al , 2009b. In addition, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife has considerable information on this subject from its work with lower Columbia River chum salmon (Hillson 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 825-ATU value has been used in the past as representative of the earliest onset of emergence in the Ives Island area (personal communication with Todd Hillson, WDFW, as cited in Arntzen and Murray 2011). We chose to use 932 ATUs as the threshold of emergence because it represented when 50% of the fry from a local chum salmon stock emerged in a controlled study conducted in our laboratory in 2007 and 2008 (Arntzen et al 2008a(Arntzen et al , 2009b. In those studies, we documented 50% emergence of untreated fish over a range of 917 to 959 ATUs and 100% emergence of untreated fish over a range of 967 to 975 ATUs (PNNL, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our laboratory research from 2007 and 2008 showed that 50% emergence of chum salmon occurred at an average of 932 ATUs (range 917 to 959 ATUs; Arntzen et al 2008aArntzen et al , 2009b. The ATUs measured at the time of emergence were based on studies conducted with hatchery chum salmon in our laboratory where we documented the ATUs to the date (±1 day) when 50% of the embryos emerged from emergence tubes.…”

Section: Accumulated Thermal Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Conceptual Chum Salmon Emergence Model for Ives Island

Murray¹,

Geist²,

Arntzen³

et al. 2011

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SummaryThe objective of this project was to develop a conceptual model for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, that can be used to predict the timing of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) emergence in the Ives Island area. Researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed the model using real-time hourly temperature data from three locations in the Ives Island spawning area that were instrumented with paired hyporheic and river sensors beginning in 2003. These data were supplemented by additional temperature data collected in the Ives Island area during 2006-2007, including 5 additional paired hyporheic and river sensors and 32 hyporheic sensors that measured temperature at approximately 15 cm below the bed surface of the Columbia River.Using these data, we calculated accumulated thermal units (ATUs) for each sensor location; we assumed emergence occurred at 932 ATUs based on the time to 50% emergence in previous laboratory studies. We found that mixing various proportions of hyporheic and river temperature data from the realtime sensors could be used to reproduce the number of days to emergence for the full range of sensor locations in [2006][2007]. The number of days to emergence that were mapped in the Ives Island area were spatially coherent, with much shorter time to emergence in the western part of the channel relative to more easterly parts of the channel. These results are similar to those of earlier studies showing that bed temperatures in the Ives Island area tend to be spatially continuous and mappable and that cooler hyporheic water is found in the eastern part of the channel.A pre-season estimate of emergence dates is determined by interpolating the days to emergence for each redd location from the map of 2006-2007 redds and temperatures. The map is then used to identify the mixture of hyporheic and river temperature data from the real-time system that would provide the closest match for the estimated days to emergence for each redd location. The identified mixture is then used to update the emergence estimates for each redd during the incubation season as new hyporheic and river temperature data become available from the real-time system. This method assumes that the spatial distribution of areas with warm and cool hyporheic temperatures near Ives Island tends to be relatively constant, as suggested by the results of earlier mapping studies. A case study was prepared using redd location data from 2009-2010 to illustrate use of the conceptual model. The case study showed differences in emergence estimates resulting from variations in the river and hyporheic temperatures from year to year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accumulated Thermal Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Conceptual Chum Salmon Emergence Model for Ives Island

Murray¹,

Geist²,

Arntzen³

et al. 2011

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Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Swimming Performance of Two Endemic Fish Species in the Upper Yangtze River

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation has been identified as one of the possible negative environmental effects of the construction of dams in the upper Yangtze River. Juvenile Chinese sucker and Prenant’s schizothoracin fish were selected to evaluate the impact of TDG supersaturation on the swimming performance of fish in the Upper Yangtze River. The critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) of Chinese sucker were 4.06, 2.83, 2.87, 2.68, and 2.29 BLs−1 at the TDG supersaturation levels of 100, 117, 122, 125 and 130%, respectively. The Ucrit of Prenant’s schizothoracin were 7.38, 4.32, 3.98, and 3.74 BLs−1 at the TDG supersaturation levels of 100, 117, 125 and 130%, respectively. The burst swimming speed (Uburst) of the two species also significantly declined with increases in the TDG supersaturation level. The present results demonstrate that the swimming speeds of Prenant’s schizothoracin that were exposed to 130% TDG supersaturation for 2 h exhibited significant recovery after 2 days, whereas the swimming speeds of Chinese sucker did not. The swimming speeds of Chinese sucker after 2 days of recovery were significantly reduced compared with those of control fish, whereas the speeds of Prenant’s schizothoracin returned to normal levels.

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The Effects of Total Dissolved Gas on Chum Salmon Fry Survival, Growth, Gas Bubble Disease, and Seawater Tolerance

Geist

Linley

Cullinan

et al. 2013

N American J Fish Manag

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Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta alevins developing in gravel downstream of Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River are exposed to elevated total dissolved gas (TDG) when water is spilled to move migrating salmon smolts to the ocean. We studied whether alevins that were exposed to six levels of dissolved gas ranging from 100% to 130% TDG at three development periods between hatch and emergence (hereafter, early, middle, and late stages) experienced differential mortality, growth, gas bubble disease, or seawater tolerance. Each life stage was exposed for 49 d (early stage), 28 d (middle stage), or 15 d (late stage) beginning at 13, 34, and 47 d posthatch, respectively, through emergence. Mortality for all stages was estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4–12%) when dissolved gas levels were less than 117% TDG. Mortality increased as dissolved gas levels rose above 117% TDG; the lethal concentration producing 50% mortality was 128.7% TDG (95% CI = 127.2–130.3% TDG) in the early and middle stages. There was no evidence that gas exposure affected growth. The proportion of fish with gas bubble disease increased with increasing gas concentrations, and bubbles occurred most commonly in the nares and gastrointestinal tract. Early stage fish exhibited higher ratios of filamental to lamellar gill chloride cells than late‐stage fish, and these ratios increased and decreased for early and late‐stage fish, respectively, as gas levels increased; however, there were no significant differences in mortality between life stages after 96 h in seawater. The study results suggest that water quality guidelines for dissolved gas (≤105% TDG) offer a conservative level of protection to Chum Salmon alevins incubating in gravel habitat downstream of Bonneville Dam.Received June 1, 2012; accepted November 13, 2012

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Effects of Total Dissolved Gas on Chum Salmon Fry Incubating in the Lower Columbia River

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Development of a Conceptual Chum Salmon Emergence Model for Ives Island

Development of a Conceptual Chum Salmon Emergence Model for Ives Island

Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Swimming Performance of Two Endemic Fish Species in the Upper Yangtze River

The Effects of Total Dissolved Gas on Chum Salmon Fry Survival, Growth, Gas Bubble Disease, and Seawater Tolerance

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