Effects of traffic-related air pollution on susceptibility to infantile bronchiolitis and childhood asthma: A cohort study in Korea

Abstract

TRAP appeared to be associated with an increased asthma among children with bronchiolitis, indicating the importance of modifying effects of bronchiolitis in asthma pathogenesis.

Evaluation of associations between asthma exacerbations and distance to roadways using geocoded electronic health records data

“…47 In contrast, studies that reported strong associations were conducted in places such as the United Kingdom, Poland, and South Korea, whose air pollution indexes were 40.63, 52.88, and 54.80, respectively. [23][24][25]48 Similar trends have been reported within the United States. A study conducted in Los Angeles reported that children and adults who suffer from asthma and live close to tra c are nearly three times more likely to visit the emergency department or be hospitalized than those who live near low tra c density.…”

“…Two previous studies in California and South Korea utilizing radial density measures similar to ours found effects only at much closer distances of 500 feet and 200 meters respectively, than the 1-mile buffer we used. 23,25 Only one other study, conducted in Minnesota, has utilized EHR data to assess the relationship between asthma exacerbation and tra c-related air pollution. 50 The authors used vehicle kilometers traveled within 250 meters and 500 meters of each individual's residence, as well as the tra c density as their exposures.…”

“…Census feature Class Code A1 (55+ MPH with limited access only accessible via ramps) and A2 (35+ MPHprimary road without limited access), [32][33][34] with these speeds corresponding to highways and major roadways, respectively. 15,16,18,25 We abstracted the address information of each individual in our cohort from our EHR system and geocoded them using ArcGIS (version 10.5; ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA). The accuracy of all address information was manually checked with Google Maps to verify the existence of residences at each address.…”

“…[10][11][12] Areas close to major roadways can have high PM2.5 and CO levels, 13,14 and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that proximity to car tra c sources can negatively affect asthma severity. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Importantly, the results of these studies are somewhat mixed, with a few studies either nding no association or weak associations between asthma exacerbations and distance to roadways. [27][28][29][30] Some of the inconsistency in the results can be attributed to heterogeneity in study design, outcomes, cohort de nition, and exposure assessments.…”

Evaluation of associations between asthma exacerbations and distance to roadways using geocoded electronic health records data

“…The primary exposure in our study was the residential distances to two types of roadways: roads with U.S. Census feature Class Code A1 (55 + MPH with limited access only accessible via ramps) and A2 (35 + MPH-primary road without limited access), [32][33][34] with these speeds corresponding to highways and major roadways, respectively. 15,16,18,25 We abstracted the address information of each individual in our cohort from our EHR system and geocoded them using ArcGIS (version 10.5; ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA).…”