Effects of training on interpretation of emotional ambiguity

Grey, Susan; Mathews, Andrew

doi:10.1080/02724980050156335

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…To date, more than ten experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to modify interpretation in healthy and anxious individuals using CBM-I and that the effects last for at least 24 h (Table 2) [64–75]. The effects of CBM-I on emotion are more complicated than in CBM-A.…”

Section: Cognitive Bias Modification – Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: current evidence and future directions

Beard

2011

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

188

163

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Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is an innovative approach to modifying cognitive biases that confer vulnerability to anxiety. CBM interventions are designed to directly modify attention and interpretation biases via repeated practice on cognitive tasks. Analogue studies have demonstrated that CBM affects cognitive biases and anxiety in a number of anxiety conditions. Multisession CBM treatments have shown preliminary efficacy for generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder, with effect sizes comparable to existing treatments. However, with any newly developing field, there are a number of important limitations of the existing data that need to be addressed before making firm conclusions regarding CBM’s efficacy for anxiety disorders. This article focuses on the theoretical rationale for CBM and the current evidence from analogue and clinical samples.

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Section: Cognitive Bias Modification – Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: current evidence and future directions

Beard

2011

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

188

163

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“…This paradigm was inspired by an interpretation modification task developed by Grey and Mathews (2000). In the Beard and Amir (2009) study, undergraduate students with elevated social anxiety symptoms completed the Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of a Benign Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety Disorder

Amir

Prouvost

Kuckertz

2012

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Cognitive models of social anxiety posit that recurrent interpretation of ambiguous information as threatening maintains symptoms (e.g. Clark & Wells, 1995, pp. 69–93, Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997, pp. 741–756, Behavior Research and Therapy, 35). However, biased interpretation may also be represented as a failure to make a benign interpretation of the ambiguous event. Furthermore, interpretation bias can be characterized by both an online (automatic) component and an offline (effortful) component (Hirsch & Clark, 2004, pp. 799–825, Clinical Psychology Review, 24). To measure both benign and threat biases, as well as examine the effect of social anxiety on offline versus online interpretations, Beard and Amir (2009, pp. 1135–1141, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46) developed the Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP). In the current study, we administered the WSAP to a group of participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) as well as to a group of non-anxious control (NAC) participants. We found that participants with SAD demonstrated a lack of benign online bias, but not an online threat bias when compared to NACs. However, when examining offline biases, SAD patients endorsed social threat interpretations and rejected benign social interpretations to a greater degree than non-anxious individuals. Our results, when taken together, clearly implicate the role of reduced bias toward benign information in SAD.

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“…In a seminal study, Grey and Mathews (2000) demonstrated that biased interpretation of emotionally ambiguous homographs can be induced, and that participants are often not aware of this modification. In a related study, Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) used ambiguous scenarios to train individuals to make either non-anxious or anxious interpretations of ambiguous situations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation in Major Depression

Joormann¹,

Waugh

Gotlib

2015

Clinical Psychological Science

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Interpreting ambiguous stimuli in a negative manner is a core bias associated with depression. Investigators have used cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) to demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally induce and modify these biases. This study extends previous research by examining whether CBM-I affects not only interpretation, but also memory and physiological stress response in individuals diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We found that CBM-I was effective in inducing an interpretive bias. Participants also exhibited memory biases that corresponded to their training condition and demonstrated differential physiological responding in a stress task. These results suggest that interpretation biases in depression can be modified, and that this training can lead to corresponding changes in memory and to decreases in stress reactivity. Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining the relations among different cognitive biases in MDD and the possibility of modifying cognitive biases.

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Effects of training on interpretation of emotional ambiguity

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: current evidence and future directions

Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: current evidence and future directions

Lack of a Benign Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety Disorder

Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation in Major Depression

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