Effects of transport and altitude on hormones and oxidative stress parameters in sheep

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mixed organic acids (MOAs) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidants, intestinal digestion, and barrier function in Ira rabbits. A total of 192 weaned male Ira rabbits at 35 days of age were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates of eight rabbits each. The rabbits in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the antibiotic group (SAL) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg salinomycin. The test groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg MOAs (MOA1 and MOA2, respectively). The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results showed that the ADG of Ira rabbits in the SAL group and MOA1 group was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). The serum IL-6 and liver MDA levels of Ira rabbits in the SAL group, MOA1 group, and MOA2 group were lower than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). In addition, sIgA levels in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits in the SAL group and MOA1 group were increased compared with those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the gene expression of IL-6 was decreased (p < 0.05) in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits in the SAL, MOA1, and MOA2 groups, while the gene expression of IL-1β tended to decrease (p = 0.077) and the IL-10 content tended to increase (p = 0.062). Moreover, the gene expression of ZO-1 in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits was elevated in the MOA1 group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MOAs can improve growth performance, enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity, and maintain the intestinal barrier in weaned Ira rabbits.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Mixed Organic Acids Improves Growth Performance, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity and Maintains the Intestinal Barrier of Ira Rabbits

Lin,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

“…This is expressed as a typical stress reaction that animals are exposed to during transport. In addition, poor road conditions, driving performance of drivers, transport conditions, road length, climate, lack of water and feed can cause stress in animals during transport [19,129,130]. Some studies have shown that the main factors affecting the welfare of sheep during road transport are driving behavior, noise, acceleration, road type [131,132], vehicle design [133,134], transport intensity [135], duration of the journey [136,137] and transport of different breeds together, new environment, hunger, thirst and fatigue [133], excessive ventilation, cold or heat stress [138,139].…”

Section: Transportation and Treatment Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that increased transport time significantly increased body weight loss and decreased hematocrit, cortisol, and glucose values in blood. Tozlu Çelik et al ( 2021) [19] aimed to determine the effects of transport and altitude in Karayaka sheep. The results obtained showed that transport and altitude significantly affected triiodothyronine, tyrosine, and oxidative stress parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA), so these factors were reported to cause stress in sheep.…”

Section: Transportation and Treatment Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the transportation of animals, poor road conditions, the driving performance of the drivers, transport vibrations, road length, climate, and the lack of water and feed can cause stress in animals [17][18][19]. When these stress factors are repeated, the intensity of the action increases; when multiple stresses act simultaneously, their negative effect on the animal will increase [14,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stress Factors and Their Effects on Productivity in Sheep

Tüfekci,

Sejian

2023

Products obtained from sheep have an economically important place in the world. Their adaptability to different climatic conditions, their ease of care and feeding, their high utilization of poor pasture areas with low yield and quality, the ease of flock management, their high twinning rate, and their short intergenerational period are some of the advantages of sheep production. Sheep production has the ability to adapt better to environmental stress factors, as can be understood from the presence of sheep in different geographical regions at a global level. However, the changes in environmental conditions and production cause some negative results in animals. All these negative results expose animals to various stress factors (heat, cold, transport, treatment, nutritional, shearing, weaning, etc.). All stress factors that directly and indirectly affect sheep production ultimately lead to compromised performance, decreased productivity, increased mortality, and adverse effects on the immune system. In order to cope with the current stress parameters in animals and to achieve optimum production, a holistic approach is needed according to the environmental conditions and available resources. It is important to consider the factors involved in these responses in order to manage these processes correctly and to develop adequate strategies and improve sheep welfare. This review aimed to reveal the importance of some stress factors in sheep and their effects on sheep productivity.

“…Çelik et al [33] reported that OS in sheep, caused by a change in altitude, could be reduced by supplementing the feed with antioxidants. This appears to prevent OS from negatively affecting meat quality in sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Assay Methods to Quantify ROS and Enzymatic Antioxidants in Erythrocytes and Spermatozoa of Small Domestic Ruminants

Pasciu

Nieddu

Sotgiu

et al. 2023

The present review aims to provide an overview of the assay methods for the quantification of ROS and principal enzymatic antioxidants as biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and spermatozoa of small domestic ruminants. A complete literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and the World Wide Web using relevant keywords and focusing on the last five years (2018–2023). Among spectrophotometry, fluorometry and chemiluminescence, the most widely used method for ROS assay is fluorometry, probably because it allows to simultaneously assay several ROS, using different probes, with greater economic advantages. Regarding intracellular antioxidant enzymes, recent literature reports only spectrophotometric methods, many of which use commercial kits. The use of a less sensitive but cheapest method is suitable because both erythrocytes and spermatozoa samples are highly concentrated in domestic ruminant species. All methods considered in this review have been found to be appropriate; in general, the differences are related to their costs and sensitivity. Quantification of ROS and enzymatic antioxidant activity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa may find application in the study of the welfare and health status of small domestic ruminants for monitoring livestock production.