Effects of tripeptides derived from milk proteins on polymorphonuclear oxidative and phosphoinositide metabolisms

Comparison of the metabolic effects of milk-derived α-lactalbumin and amino acids mixture with equal composition in diet-induced obese mice

“…During the digestion, several smaller peptides are formed. Some of these peptides have been shown to inhibit angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) (Pihlanto-Leppä lä , Koskinen, Piilola, Tupasela, & Korhonen, 2000), lower blood pressure (Nurminen et al, 2000), enhance mineral absorption (Lö nnerdal & Lien, 2003), affect gut microbiota (Brü ck, Graverholt, & Gibson, 2002;Kee et al, 1998), stimulate immune function (Migliore-Samour et al, 1992), and to regulate apoptotic cellular death (Lö nnerdal & Lien, 2003). It is therefore possible that a-lac may exert biological activities beyond being a source of amino acids.…”

Whey proteins and peptides: beneficial effects on immune health

“…GLF increases the production of the superoxide anion by human PMNs, increasing the oxidative burst response in the presence of GLF. Phosphoinositide metabolism is also increased in the presence of GLF, which can be seen by the liberation of a second messenger, IP3, leading to an enhancement in membrane fluidity [24]. Moreover, a study carried out with another peptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly) from α-lactalbumin revealed a stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of this peptide [25].…”

Bovine casein peptides co-stimulate naive macrophages with lipopolysaccharide for proinflammatory cytokine production and nitric oxide release

“…Furthermore, LLY was more active than GLF in stimulating oxidative burst and phosphoinositide breakdown. 19 Few reports have been published on the mechanisms by which TNF-a induces NO synthesis by macrophages. The auto/paracrine TNF-a produced by LPS-stimulated macrophages was proposed to be partially responsible for the release of NO.…”