Effects of Turbulence on Fish Swimming in Aquaculture

Liao, James C.; Cotel, Aline

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31049-2_5

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These methods, however, have not been validated yet for riverbeds of well‐mixed grain composition, such as the one characteristic to the studied river reach. Field measurement of turbulence and mixing parameters would also contribute to the better understanding of fish behaviour as recent studies, mainly focusing on fishways, pointed out (Cotel, Webb, & Tritico, ; Liao & Cotel, ; Pavlov, Lupandin, & Skorobogatov, ; Smith, Goodwin, & Nestler, ). Although direct measurement of turbulence in large rivers is demanding, computational models with sophisticated turbulence models can be utilized instead.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat mapping of riverine fish by means of hydromorphological tools

et al. 2018

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Hydromorphological features of rivers, such as flow depth, flow velocity, and the composition of bed material play a crucial role in the habitat selection of fish. Although these basic hydromorphological parameters can be determined with high spatial and temporal resolution using state‐of‐the‐art investigation methods, only few studies deal with the connection of habitat parameters and abundance of fishes (i.e., habitat modelling) in large rivers. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by introducing the so‐called habitat maps connecting the results of 3D hydrodynamic simulations and results of offshore fish ecological surveys. The steps of habitat modelling are introduced through the case study of the Danube River focusing on evaluating the habitat use and suitability of two fish species representative to this section of the river (i.e., the round goby Neogobius melanostomus and the Danube streber Zingel streber). A novel method for mapping the bed material composition, playing a crucial role in the habitat assessment, is also presented along the numerical modelling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat mapping of riverine fish by means of hydromorphological tools

et al. 2018

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“…For instance, a more streamlined (shallower) body shape was also found in farmed Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ), due to reduced selection for burst swimming performance (Swain, Riddell, & Murray, ). Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were found to have larger body amplitudes from swimming behind cylinders (Akanyeti & Liao, ; Liao, ; Liao & Cotel, ) and when reared in organic conditions (Pulcini et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found to have larger body amplitudes from swimming behind cylinders (Akanyeti & Liao, 2013;Liao, 2007;Liao & Cotel, 2013) and when reared in organic conditions (Pulcini et al, 2014).…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of body composition and sensory quality of wild and farmed whitefish (Coregonus macrophthalmus [Nüsslin, 1882])

Goebel

Gaye-Siessegger²,

Baer³

et al. 2017

J Appl Ichthyol

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Summary This study compared the body composition (fillet yield, chemical composition and lipid quality of fillets) and sensory quality of captured wild (by gillnet in August 2011) with experimentally raised farmed (reared in concrete flow‐through raceways, average water temperature 10 ± 3°C) whitefish, Coregonus macrophthalmus, from Lake Constance. The study was conducted in 2011 using 28 wild and 24 farmed market‐sized fish of approximately equal total lengths (25.1 ± 1.21 and 25.6 ± 1.28 cm). Farmed female Coregonus macrophthalmus exhibited a 3.3% lower fillet yield resulting from larger gonads and a shallower body shape. The protein contents of farmed and wild fillets were equal (17.5% vs. 17.4%), but farmed fish fillets contained less moisture (76.1% vs.77.4%), less ash (1.2% vs. 1.6%), and more lipid (5.1% vs. 4.1%) than wild‐caught specimens. Levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher in farmed fish (42.0 vs. 31.0 g/100 g lipid), as well as the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 26.0 vs. 19.7 g/100 g lipid), in particular 22:6n−3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA; 7.3 vs. 2.1 g/100 g lipid). Conversely, wild fish fillets contained significantly more 20:4n−6 (arachidonic acid, AA; 1.6 vs. 0.4 g/100 g lipid) and 20:5n−3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; 4.1 vs. 3.2 g/100 g lipid). Sensory evaluation of odour, colour, texture and flavour by an experienced six‐person panel revealed a significant preference for the colour (79% vs. 21%) of farmed fish fillets. In conclusion, farmed whitefish can be strong competitors to wild whitefish in terms of product quality, with higher levels of healthy fatty acids and a more attractive fillet colour. Farmed Coregonus macrophthalmus thus represents a promising and pragmatic approach, compensating for the current capture decline in the whitefish fisheries of Lake Constance.

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“…As a result, there is a growing interest in studying how fish swim in unsteady flows (Cotel and Webb, 2012;Cotel et al, 2006;Liao, 2007;Liao and Cotel, 2013;Tritico and Cotel, 2010;Tritico et al, 2007;Webb et al, 2010). However, the kinematic and hydrodynamic models describing swimming in still water or uniform flows are insufficient to describe the locomotion in complex flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinematic model of Kármán gaiting in rainbow trout

Akanyeti

Liao

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYA mechanistic understanding of how fishes swim in unsteady flows is challenging despite its prevalence in nature. Previous kinematic studies of fish Kármán gaiting in a vortex street behind a cylinder only report time-averaged measurements, precluding our ability to formally describe motions on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Here we present the first analytical model that describes the swimming kinematics of Kármán gaiting trout with 70-90% accuracy. We found that body bending kinematics can be modelled with a travelling wave equation, which has also been shown to accurately model free-stream swimming kinematics. However, freestream swimming and Kármán gaiting are separated in the parameter space; the amplitude, wavelength and frequency values of the traveling wave equation are substantially different for each behavior. During Kármán gaiting, the wave is initiated at the body center, which is 0.2L (where L is total body length) further down the body compared with the initiation point in free-stream swimming. The wave travels with a constant speed, which is higher than the nominal flow speed just as in free-stream swimming. In addition to undulation, we observed that Kármán gaiting fish also exhibit substantial lateral translations and body rotations, which can constitute up to 75% of the behavior. These motions are periodic and their frequencies also match the vortex shedding frequency. There is an inverse correlation between head angle and body angle: when the body rotates in one direction, the head of the fish turns into the opposite direction. Our kinematic model mathematically describes how fish swim in vortical flows in real time and provides a platform to better understand the effects of flow variations as well as the contribution of muscle activity during corrective motions.

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Effects of Turbulence on Fish Swimming in Aquaculture

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

Habitat mapping of riverine fish by means of hydromorphological tools

Habitat mapping of riverine fish by means of hydromorphological tools

Comparison of body composition and sensory quality of wild and farmed whitefish (Coregonus macrophthalmus [Nüsslin, 1882])

A kinematic model of Kármán gaiting in rainbow trout

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