Effects of Unconventional Additives in Gasoline on the Performance of a Vehicle

Mao, Lin; Zhang, Xiaoteng; Wen, Mingsheng; Zhang, Chuanqi; Kong, Xiangen; Zhi-yang, Jin; Zheng, Zunqing; Liu, Haifeng

doi:10.3390/en15051605

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…5 In addition, it is also used as an additive in gasoline. 6 During the manufacture of SBA by transesterification of SBAC with alcohols, 7,8 one of the vital steps is to separate the mixture of SBA and SBAC. However, the relative volatility of SBA to SBAC is close to unity when the mass fraction of SBA is higher than 0.85; 9 it will be difficult and uneconomical to separate them by conventional distillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data at 101.3 kPa for the Binary System Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide and the Quaternary System sec-Butyl Alcohol + sec-Butyl Acetate + Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide

et al. 2022

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Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary system acetamide + N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and the quaternary system sec-butyl alcohol (SBA) + sec-butyl acetate (SBAC) + acetamide + DMF were measured at 101.3 kPa. The VLE data were verified to be thermodynamically consistent by the Fredenslund test and Wisniak’s L–W test. In addition, the binary interaction parameters of UNIQUAC, Wilson, and NRTL models for DMF–acetamide were obtained by correlating the binary VLE data. UNIQUAC, Wilson, NRTL, and COSMO-UNIFAC models were employed to predict the VLE data, and the results were compared with the experimental results. Compared with the result without entrainers, the effect of mixed solvent acetamide + DMF (the mass ratio of acetamide to DMF is 1:1) can enhance the relative volatility of SBAC to SBA obviously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SBA is the main feedstock of the methyl ethyl ketone. , Besides, it can be employed to produce perfumes, insecticides, rubber, emulsifiers, and so on. , SBAC is an environmentally friendly solvent for spice, ink, and so on . In addition, it is also used as an additive in gasoline …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data at 101.3 kPa for the Binary System Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide and the Quaternary System sec-Butyl Alcohol + sec-Butyl Acetate + Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide

et al. 2022

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Energy and exergy analysis of a SI engine fueled with anisole and isobutyl acetate with super-premium gasoline

Mangave,

Pawar,

Patil

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The rising demand for fossil fuels is rapidly depleting the limited sources of crude oil, leading to harmful emissions upon combustion. Consequently, developing sustainable and environment-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels has become imperative to reduce dependence on them and decrease harmful emissions. In this study, the performance of different blends prepared by mixing biofuels with super-premium gasoline (SPG) in a spark-ignition (SI) engine at different speeds is investigated through energy and exergy analysis. Three biofuels, namely ethanol, anisole, and isobutyl acetate, are considered, and these biofuels are blended with the base SPG in volumes ranging from 10% to 30%. Letters G, E, A, and IBA are used to denote SPG, ethanol, anisole, and isobutyl acetate, respectively. Experiments were conducted on a three-cylinder, four-stroke SI engine with varying speeds. The results of different anisole-SPG and isobutyl acetate-SPG blends are compared with SPG and ethanol-SPG blends. The results of the energy and exergy analysis reveal that the maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exergy efficiency are achieved when the engine runs at 2500 rpm for SPG and different blends. Furthermore, the engine emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) are found to be lowest at this engine speed. It is also investigated that the maximum BTE and exergy efficiency are obtained for AG10 and IBAG10 blends. The maximum BTE of AG10 and IBAG10 are 31.23% and 30.82%, respectively, while the maximum exergy efficiency of AG10 and IBAG10 are 24.37% and 23.82%. At 2500 rpm, the blends AG10 and IBAG10 showed a slight reduction in BTE by 1.72% and 3.02%, respectively, compared to SPG. At the same time, the exergy efficiency of the AG10 and IBAG10 blends is reduced by 1.5% and 3.72%, respectively. On the other hand, the IBAG30 blend showed 7% lower emissions of CO and NOx compared to SPG. Among all the blends, EG30 showed the lowest reduction of HC emissions by 14% compared to SPG. Additionally, the sustainability index values decreased by 0.47% and 1.19% for AG10 and IBAG10, respectively, compared to SPG at 2500 rpm.

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Average Carbon Number Analysis and Relationship with Octane Number and PIONA Analysis of Premium and Regular Gasoline Expended in Ecuador

Pazmiño-Viteri,

Cabezas-Terán,

Echeverría

et al. 2024

Processes

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The quality of fuel depends on its chemical composition, which influences engine performance. Gas chromatography, a cornerstone of global oil and fuel R&D, remains crucial for ensuring the quality of petroleum products and regulatory compliance. Scientists use the most accurate analysis (PIONA) as a tool derived from gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify and quantify hydrocarbons that influence resistance to detonation, which is determined by the research octane number (RON). This study introduces the “average carbon number (ACN)”, calculated from the molar chemical composition of commercial gasoline samples sold in Ecuador (Extra gasoline and Súper gasoline). A quantitative comparison of the ACN with techniques applied using standardized international procedures reveals that the ACN characterizes gasoline samples by providing insight into the distribution shape of carbon graphs. A comprehensive statistical analysis demonstrates the potential usefulness of ACN in characterizing fuel composition, highlighting its relevance in broader fuel quality assessments without the need for carbon distribution plots.

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Effects of Unconventional Additives in Gasoline on the Performance of a Vehicle

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data at 101.3 kPa for the Binary System Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide and the Quaternary System sec-Butyl Alcohol + sec-Butyl Acetate + Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data at 101.3 kPa for the Binary System Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide and the Quaternary System sec-Butyl Alcohol + sec-Butyl Acetate + Acetamide + N,N-Dimethyl Formamide

Energy and exergy analysis of a SI engine fueled with anisole and isobutyl acetate with super-premium gasoline

Average Carbon Number Analysis and Relationship with Octane Number and PIONA Analysis of Premium and Regular Gasoline Expended in Ecuador

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