Effects of urolithins on obesity-associated gut dysbiosis in rats fed on a high-fat diet

Abdulrahman, Abdulrasheed O.; Alzubaidi, Mohammed Yahya; Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid; Khan, Jalaluddin A.J.; Rather, Irfan A.; Khan, Mohammad Imran

doi:10.1080/09637486.2021.1886255

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Gut microbiome composition regulates the ability to produce UA from its precursors. A recent report also showed an impact of direct UA supplementation on gut microflora in obese rats [58]. Future research should shed light on the bacterial species responsible for the UA conversion (Box 1) and investigate the crosstalk between UA and gut microflora.…”

Section: Trends In Molecular Medicinementioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of the Natural Compound Urolithin A on Health, Disease, and Aging

D’Amico

Andreux

Valdés

et al. 2021

Trends in Molecular Medicine

234

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urolithin A (UA) is a natural compound produced by gut bacteria from ingested ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), complex polyphenols abundant in foods such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. UA was discovered 40 years ago, but only recently has its impact on aging and disease been explored. UA enhances cellular health by increasing mitophagy and mitochondrial function and reducing detrimental inflammation. Several preclinical studies show how UA protects against aging and age-related conditions affecting muscle, brain, joints, and other organs. In humans, benefits of UA supplementation in the muscle are supported by recent clinical trials in elderly people. Here, we review the state of the art of UA's biology and its translational potential as a nutritional intervention in humans. Urolithin A: A Natural Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolite UA belongs to the family of urolithins, characterized by a chemical structure containing an α-benzo-coumarin scaffold (Figure 1). Urolithins are produced in the colon following the microbiome-mediated transformation of the natural polyphenols ETs and EA, which are contained in dietary products, such as pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, and walnuts [1-3]. (Figure 1 and Box 1).First identified as an EA metabolite in rats in 1980 [4], similar gut microbiome (see Glossary) conversion of ETs to UA was later demonstrated across many species, including flies and mice [1] . A pioneering study also showed the production of UA from ETs by the human gut microbiota [5], making UA the most common urolithin species produced in nature. Two clinical studies then measured UA in human plasma after consumption of pomegranate [6], berries, and nuts [7]. Interestingly, the conversion of dietary precursors to UA does not occur in all individuals. The process is variable [8] and takes place in only approximately 40% of the human elderly population [9]. Being a 'UA producer' requires an appropriate gut microbiome and varies with age, health status, and dietary intake [10].Backed by growing interest in nutritional interventions to address the ever-increasing health problems of an aging population [11,12], several research groups started to study the role and relevance of direct supplementation with UA instead of with UA precursors. This review outlines the most relevant in vivo preclinical studies that show positive impacts of UA on health conditions due to natural aging and on progressive diseases linked to aging. It describes the molecular mechanisms that explain how UA can counter the hallmarks of aging. Finally, this review explores the translational relevance and potential applications of UA as a nutritional intervention in humans.

show abstract

Section: Trends In Molecular Medicinementioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of the Natural Compound Urolithin A on Health, Disease, and Aging

D’Amico

Andreux

Valdés

et al. 2021

Trends in Molecular Medicine

234

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar lipid-lowering results were reproduced in another model of obesity-associated gut dysbiosis, i.e., rats fed a HFD for a long time, presented with gut dysbiosis; supplementing Uro B regulated the gut microbial community of HFD-fed rats, leading to a decrease in body weight and levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum ( Abdulrahman et al, 2021 ). Uro B is a potential therapeutic agent for the management of obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Uro B On Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Health Benefits of Urolithin B, A Bioactive Natural Product Derived From Ellagitannins

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urolithin (Uro) B is a natural compound produced by gut bacteria from ingested ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), complex polyphenols abundant in foods such as pomegranates, raspberries, blueberries and chestnuts. Uro B has recently garnered considerable attention owing to its wide range of nutraceutical effects and relatively high potency. According to several studies, Uro B prevents the development of hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and tumors due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Many reviews have systematically summarized the health benefits and pharmacological activities of ETs, EA and urolithins (especially Uro A) while available reviews or detailed summaries on the positive impact of Uro B are rarer. Here, we sought to review the pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, regulation of immune function and its associated diseases and preventive potential of Uro B to elucidate its function as a nutritional agent in humans.

show abstract

“…This metabolite is much better absorbed than EA and is thought to contribute to the health effects of ellagitannin and EA [ 30 ]. Urolithin A and urolithin B can alleviate weight gain caused by high-fat diets by modulating the gut microbiota [ 31 ]. Eggerthellaceae were significantly elevated in the gut microbiota of mice on high-fat and high-sucrose diets that were intervened by berry fiber [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 Plus Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Activating the Hepatic Autophagy Pathway in Mice

Jin

Dang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: Ellagic acid (EA) acts as a product of gut microbiota transformation to prevent insulin resistance, which is limited by high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects and mechanisms of supplementation with the probiotic Weizmannia coagulans (W. coagulans) on the prevention of insulin resistance by EA; (2) Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): low-fat-diet group, high-fat-diet group, EA intervention group, EA + W. coagulans BC77 group, and EA + W. coagulans BC2000 group; (3) Result: W. coagulans BC2000 showed a synergistic effect on EA’s lowering insulin resistance index and inhibiting high-fat diet-induced endotoxemia. The combined effect of BC2000 and EA activated the autophagy pathway in the mouse liver, a urolithin-like effect. This was associated with altered β-diversity of gut microbiota and increased Eggerthellaceae, a potential EA-converting family. Ellagic acid treatment alone and the combined use of ellagic acid and W. coagulans BC77 failed to activate the hepatic autophagy pathway; (4) Conclusions: W. coagulans BC2000 can assist EA in its role of preventing insulin resistance. This study provides a basis for the development of EA-rich functional food supplemented with W. coagulans BC2000.

show abstract

Effects of urolithins on obesity-associated gut dysbiosis in rats fed on a high-fat diet

Cited by 21 publications

References 75 publications

Impact of the Natural Compound Urolithin A on Health, Disease, and Aging

Impact of the Natural Compound Urolithin A on Health, Disease, and Aging

Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Health Benefits of Urolithin B, A Bioactive Natural Product Derived From Ellagitannins

Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 Plus Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Activating the Hepatic Autophagy Pathway in Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About