Effects of vacuum pyrolysis conditions on the characteristics of activated carbons derived from pistachio-nut shells

Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review

“…The variability in biochar physical and chemical properties depends on the material used to produce it (feedstock), the availability of oxygen and the temperatures achieved during pyrolysis (Lua and Yang 2004;Gundale and DeLuca 2006;Amonette and Joseph 2009). Table 1 shows a somewhat restricted list of the elemental and some chemical constituents of several different feedstocks used to produce biochar.…”

Study of Date Palm Stem as Raw Material in Preparation of Activated Carbon

“…Subsequent acid treatment of chars reduced porosity development with a decreased surface area (0.36-31.5 m 2 /g), decrease in the pore volume (0.0006-0.0326 cc/g) and consequent increase in the mean pore dimension (41.4-104 Å) compared to carbonization. Perhaps inorganic materials started to react at lower temperature but on heat treatment to higher temperature when the pores were being reorganized; inorganic materials might have filled or blocked some portion of the macropores (Lua, et al 2004). Activation with phosphoric acid and then carbonization at 500 o C led to the best porous product with surface area of 1100 m 2 /g, internal porosity of 1.15 cm 3 /g and a mean pore dimension of 41.6 Å.…”

Steam Gasification of Sawdust Biochar Influenced by Chemical Speciation of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species

“…As shown in Figure 9, for the steam-gasified biochar with different chemical fractions, the main difference appears in the oxygen-containing functional groups. In order to describe in detail the changes in the various oxygen-containing functional groups, the FTIR curve was fitted into the aromatic C=C structure at 1480 cm −1 , the carboxylate COO − structure at 1400 cm −1 and the aromatic ether/alkene C-O-C at 1243 and 1080 cm −1 [57,58].…”