Effects of Various Lighting Regimes on Diurnal Rhythms of EEG Components in the Chicken

Abstract

Godet, J., D. Schiirch and V. Nigon, 1970b. Caracterisation et evolution des hemoglobines dans le cours du developpement postembryonnaire chez la poule. J. Embry. Exp. Morph. 23: 153-167. Konitzer, K., and K. Michalke, 1965. Der eisenstoffweschel der weissen Mous Ausscheichung und organ verterlung einen Fe 59 tracer dosis. Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 14: 489-495. Ramsay, W. N. M., 1966. The incorporation of iron into hemoglobin in the domestic fowl. Quat. J. Exp. Physiol. 51: 221-228. Rusov, C, 1965. Recherches sur la ferrocinetique des volailles normales par Fe 59 . Med. Landbow. Opzechugs Genet. 30: 787-795. ABSTRACTEffects of different photoperiods on the appearance of EEG slow waves were examined in freely-moving chickens by a radio telemetry system. The experiments were performed under 14L10D, 18L6D, 21L3D and 24L. It was clear that the EEG components were strictly synchronized to light-dark cycles. Continuous illumination exerted a dampening effect on the appearance of the slow wave diurnal rhythms. Chickens exposed to light-dark cycles of 14L10D and 18L6D maintained a constant daily level of slow wave activity. These levels are regarded as a normal amount of slow wave activity in male chickens. The daily amount of slow wave activity under 21L3D and 24L is probably regulated in a way different from that under 14L10D and 18L6D. The illumination seems to exert a strong effect on the mechanism controlling the appearance of the EEG in chickens when compared to mammals.

Metabolic rate: its circadian rhythmicity in the female domestic fowl.

“…Circadian rhythmicity in the fowls has been reported for locomotor activity (Siegel, Beane & Kramer, 1962), feeding behaviour (Weaver & Siegel, 1968), intestinal motility (Oshima, Shimada & Tonone, 1974), e.e.g. patterns (Yano, Oshima & Gotoh, 1974), heart rate (Scott & van Tienhoven, 1971;Oshima, Shimada & Tonone, 1974), body and brain temperatures (Simpson & Gallbraith, 1904;Winget, Averkin & Fryer, 1965;Scott & van Tienhoven, 1971). There are however only few studies on rhythmicity in metabolic rate despite its implications, specifically in farm animals, on the nutritional and environmental requirements.…”

The Effects of Diurnal Rhythms on Immune Parameters in New Hampshire Chickens

“…In the domestic bird, diurnal variation occurs in various physiological processes [1,5,10,15,19,22,[27][28][29]. When T lymphocytes were collected at various time intervals dur ing a 24-hour cycle, a variation was ob served in the migratory activity of the cells.…”

“…However, deep body temperature showed a clear circadian rhythm even under constant illumination [28]. Yano et al [29] also alluded to a cir cadian rhythm of EEG components of hens under constant illumination. They also ob served changes in slow wave production im mediately prior to turning off the light which suggested the existence of some time measuring mechanism.…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that diur nal rhythms exist in many physiological processes in domestic birds including: EEG components during sleep and wakefulness [29], respiration rate, eating activity, heart rate, and cecal motility [19], performance [10,15], age and sexual development [22], and egg production [27], In a study of diur nal activity patterns of broilers, Foshee et al [5] stated that diurnal activity of the do mestic fowl was completely dependent on the photoperiod, and Cain and Wilson [1] reported that the activity of laying hens was evenly distributed over a 24-hour period under constant illumination. However, deep body temperature showed a clear circadian rhythm even under constant illumination [28].…”

Noise output of hens subjected to interrupted lighting regimens

“…Blokhuis (1983) observed that hens prepared for rest during the hour preceding dusk and became active again during the hour preceding dawn. Yano et al (1974) reported a photoperiodically controlled rhythmicity of activity, as indicated by EEG slow wave components. An immediate rise in slow wave rate was observed at dusk, followed by a gradual decrease during the dark period and an abrupt fall at dawn.…”