Effects of various rootstocks on xylem exudates cytokinin content, nutrient uptake and growth patterns of grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson seedless

Abstract

Variations in cytokinins, mineral nutrient elements of xylem exudates collected before bud burst, petiole and blade nutrient concentration at veraison, and shoot growth patterns were studied as affected by the rootstock. A two year experiment was conducted on field grown grapevines cv. Thompson seedless, grafted onto 420AMgt, 110Richter, 99Richter, 41BMgt, Kober 5BB, 8B Teleki, 1103 Paulsen, 31 Richter and 3309C rootstocks. Xylem exudate cytokinins were positively correlated with relative bud burst number, shoot elongation in the early season, and shoot elongation at veraison stage. A strong positive relationship between cytokinin content and total nitrogen was also found. The rootstocks 420AMgt, 110Richter, and 99Richter, which showed high levels in cytokinin content also had high nitrogen levels in xylem exudates and leaf blade. Multivariate Analysis allowed to show that rootstocks with similar levels in cytokinin concentrations in xylem exudates, also presented a closely similar behaviour in nutrient uptake. Grapevine / rootstock / xylem sap / cytokinin / mineral uptake Résumé-Étude de l'effet de différents porte-greffes sur la concentration en cytokinines dans les pleurs du bois, l'absorption minérale et les caractéristiques de croissance de la vigne Vitis vinifera cv. Sultanine. Les variations de la teneur en cytokinines et en éléments minéraux des exudats du xylème récoltés avant le débourrement, de la compositions minérale du limbe et du pétiole à la véraison, et de la croissance des rameaux ont été étudiées en fonction du porte-greffe. Les essais ont été réalisés au champ sur la variété Sultanine greffée sur les porte-greffes 420A Mgt, 110Richter, 41B Mgt, Kober 5BB, Teleki 8B, 1103 Paulsen, 31Richter, et 3309 Couderc. La concentration en cytokinines dans les exudats du xylème a été positivement corrélée avec le nombre relatif de bourgeons débourrés et avec l'allongement des rameaux au début de la période végétative et à la véraison. Une corrélation élevée entre la concentration en cytokinines et la teneur en azote totale a également été mise en évidence. Les porte-greffe 420A Mgt,

Influence of Different Rootstocks on Growth, Photosynthesis, Biochemical Composition, and Nutrient Contents in ‘Fantasy Seedless’ Grapes

“…Nikolaou et al (2000) reported an influence of rootstocks on the vigor of Thompson Seedless grapevines and it was directly influenced by the levels of cytokinin content that are associated with a high level of total N in the plant. Low phosphorus content was found with the rootstock Freedom in the cultivar Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedless and the rootstock Harmony in the cultivar Superior (Ibacache and Sierra, 2009).…”

“…However, the choice of proper rootstock is becoming increasingly difficult as a result of the availability of numerous new rootstocks (Loreti and Massai, 2006). Although information is limited about the biochemical interactions among the grapevine cultivars and the rootstocks, several studies have shown that rootstocks influence the level of nutrients in the scion cultivar after grafting (Bavaresco et al, 2003;Fisarakis et al, 2004;García et al, 2001;Nikolaou et al, 2000). Rootstocks not only have the ability for enduring these soil-based problems but can also act as a potential tool for manipulating vine growth and productivity.…”

Efeito do porta-enxerto no teor de nutrientes em tecidos da videira "cabernet sauvignon"

“…Os trabalhos realizados em diferentes regiões vitivinícolas, abrangendo uma considerável diversidade de porta-enxertos, copas, condições edafoclimá-ticas, manejo do solo e viroses, entre outros, mostram que houve diferenças nos teores de nutrientes nos tecidos da videira (Delas & Pouget, 1984;Marson, 1992;Brancadoro et al, 1994;Nikolaou et al, 2000;Garcia et al, 2001;Motosugi et al, 2002;Bavaresco et al, 2003;Alvarenga et al, 2004;Tandonnet et al, 2005). No Brasil, há trabalhos realizados em diferentes condições e relacionados especialmente ao teor de nutrientes na videira (Miele et al, 1987;Marson, 1992;Giovannini, 1995;Giovannini et al, 2001a, b).…”

Amino Acid Profile of ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapes Grafted on Different Rootstocks at Various Stages of Berry Development

“…Highest wine hue was reported from rootstocks 'Riparia Gloire' and '3309C' than those grafted on '5BB' and '420 A' rootstocks. Nikolaou et al (2000) also reported high levels of cytokinin content and higher nitrogen levels in 'Thompson Seedless' grafted on rootstocks such as '420 A Mgt', '110 R', and '99 R' than those grafted on '41 B Mgt', 'Kober 5BB', 'Teleki', '1103 P', and '3309 C'. In the present study, alpha amino butyric acid, alanine, proline, and serine are the predominant amino acids during the early berry development stages. The accumulation of proline is not uniform throughout the berry development stages.…”